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The presentation slides from a talk I gave at XP2010 in Trondheim, Norway. Here are some metaphors that I find useful when describing software product development. In particular, they are useful for describing the basic principles of agile development and the lifecycle of a typical agile project.
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WHAT IS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIKE?
WHAT IS AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIKE?
“A METAPHOR IS AN ANALOGY BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS OR IDEAS, CONVEYED BY THE USE OF [ONE SET OF] WORDS INSTEAD OF ANOTHER.”
Wikipedia:
“A FIGURE OF SPEECH IN WHICH A WORD OR PHRASE THAT ORDINARILY DESIGNATES ONE THING IS USED TO DESIGNATE ANOTHER, THUS MAKING AN IMPLICIT COMPARISON”
dicDonary.reference.com/
“THE POWER OF METAPHORS IS IN THE WAY THAT THEY CHANGE THE SUBJECT BY BRINGING NEW THINKING AND IDEAS, EXTENDING AND CHANGING THE WAY THAT A PERSON THINKS ABOUT SOMETHING.”
“EACH METAPHOR GIVES US SOME INSIGHT, AND TAKEN TOGETHER THEY SHOW WHAT A COMPLEX CONCEPT LEARNING REALLY IS. NO ONE METAPHOR IS “CORRECT”, BUT EACH REPRESENTS A DIFFERENT UNDERSTANDING.”
MulCple Metaphors for Learning by Gary Woodill
In “Learning and organiza3ons: towards cross-‐metaphor conversa3ons”
BUT WE HAVE ALL THESE ISSUES IN THE SOFTWARE BUSINESS ….
DEADLINES
BUDGETS
STAFFING CHALLENGES
NEW FEATURE REQUESTS
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
VALIDATING THAT IT ALL WORKS
FIXED DATES INDIVIDUAL CAPABILITY
COLLABORATING IN GROUPS
UNCLEAR SPECIFICATIONS
EVOLVING REQUIREMENTS
DELIVERING A COMPELLING PRODUCT
WHAT MAKES A PRODUCT COMPELLING?
05:00 GMT
Monday May 24th 2010
features of jazz improvisaDon
• ProvocaDve competence: Deliberate efforts to interrupt habit paRerns
• Embracing errors as a source of learning • Shared orientaDon toward minimal structures that allow maximum flexibility
• Distributed task: conDnual negoDaDon and dialogue toward dynamic synchronizaDon
• Reliance on retrospecCve sense-‐making • "Hanging out": Membership in a community of pracCce
• Taking turns soloing and supporDng “Crea3vity and Improvisa3on in Jazz and Organiza3ons: Implica3ons for Organiza3onal Learning” -‐ Frank J. Barrec "OrganizaCon Science" / Vol 9, No.5. September-‐October 1998
ARTFUL MAKING PROPOSES A FRAMEWORK, AN “ENABLING METAPHOR”, FOR DOING AND MANAGING KNOWLEDGE WORK.
Arhul Making – Ch. 1: What’s really different about knowledge work
AS BUSINESS BECOMES MORE DEPENDENT ON KNOWLEDGE TO
CREATE VALUE, WORK BECOMES MORE LIKE ART.
Arhul Making – Ch. 1: What’s really different about knowledge work
Concept generaDon
Product planning
Product engineering
Process engineering
ProducDon process
Product
An industrial making process
Talk with customer about product
Repeat
Expose customer to product
Generate Product
ARTFUL MAKING IS ITERATIVE NOT SEQUENTIAL
Arhul Making
4 QUALITIES OF ARTFUL MAKING
RELEASE
A method of control that accepts wide variaDon within known parameters. Release contrasts with Restraint, the usual method of industrial control.
COLLABORATION
The quality exhibited by conversaDon, in language and behaviour, during which each party, released from vanity, inhibiDon, and preconcepDons, treats the contribuDons of other parDes as material to make with, not as posiDons to argue with, so that new and unpredictable ideas emerge.
ENSEMBLE
The quality exhibited by the work of a group dedicated to a collaboraDon in which individual members relinquish sovereignty over their work and thus create something none could have made alone: a whole greater than the sum of its parts.
PLAY
The quality exhibited by a producDon while it is playing for an audience; or the quality exhibited by interacDon among members of a business group, and ulDmately between the group and the customer.
So[ware Development Play Making
IteraDve Cycle Product build and test Rehearsal
Distributed, independent, simultaneous invenDon
Individual developers at work on design or source code
Individual actors preparing between runs
Unifying acDon A product build A rehearsal run
A director who facilitates coherent chaos
The Scrum Master or project manager
The director
Forum for conversaDon MeeDngs, technology-‐based collaboraDve forums, Daily Standup, IteraDon Review, Pair Programming, RetrospecDves, …
The rehearsal room
Way of senng structure Code holds structure Actors enact structure
External characterisDcs of Arhul Making in Agile So-ware Development and Play Making (slightly modified)
TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR METAPHORS NOW AND CREATE A NEW WORLD OF POSSIBILITY, RICHNESS, WONDER, JOY AND FULFILLMENT. "LIFE IS PAINTING A PICTURE, NOT DOING A SUM." -‐ OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JR.
The Power of Your Metaphors – Enrique MonDel
