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The Semantic Web contains a number of di erent knowledge artifacts, including OWL ontologies, RIF rule sets and RDF datasets. E fective exchange and management of these artifacts demand the use of metadata and prompt availability of accurate reference documentation. In this paper, we analyze the current practices in metadata usage for OWL ontologies, and we propose a vocabulary for annotating RIF rules. We also introduce a software tool {Parrot{ that exploits these annotations and produces reference documentation for combinations of ontologies and rules. http://www.springerlink.com/content/t3777727338n4233/
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Metadata for web ontologies and rules:
current practi ces and perspecti ves
Carlos Tejo-Alonso, Diego Berrueta, Luis Polo and Sergio Fernández
Context
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Bicycle ">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;Class"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Vehicle"/>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">bicycle</rdfs:label><dct:description xml:lang="en">Vehicle consisting of two wheels held in a frame one behind other, propelled by pedals</dct:description><dc:creator>Iván Mínguez</dc:creator>
</rdf:Description>
logic
annotation
Motivation to annotate
• Facilitate search
• Improve exchange and reuse
• Link them to the natural language
• Generate reference documentation
Overview
• Current ontology & rule metadata usage
• Proposed vocabulary to annotate rules
• Parrot, a documentation tool for ontologies and rules
• Conclusions/Future Work
Metadata vocabularies
• General purpose: DC, SKOS or RDFS– dc:creator, skos:prefLabel, rdfs:comment
• For ontologies: OWL– owl:versionInfo
• For rules: no specific vocabulary (with significant adoption)
Ontology metadata study
Ontology metadata study
• Massive use of RDF Schema(label & comment)
• Property synonymydc:description rdfs:commentdct:description skos:definition
• Absence of:– multimedia– legal rights and license information– expressive multilingual metadata
Rule metadata: a proposalMetadata Recommended propertiesLabeling dc:title, dct:title, rdfs:label,
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel
Authoring foaf:maker, dc:creator, dc:contributor, dc:publisher, dct:creator, dct:contributor, dct:publisher
Description dc:description, dct:description, rdfs:comment, skos:definition, skos:example, skos:note
Multimedia foaf:depiction, og:video
Versioning owl:versionInfo, dct:hasVersion, skos:changeNote
Rights dc:rights, dct:license
Date dc:date, dct:issued, dct:modified
Documentation dct:source, rdfs:seeAlso, rdfs:isDefinedBy
Annotated rule (example)(* ex:rule ex:rule [
rdfs:label -> “Example Rule”@endc:creator -> “Luis Polo”dc:date -> “1981-01-20”og:video -> <http://youtu.be/5h10QHpA5EU>dct:publisher -> http://ontorule-project.eu] *)
Forall ?person ?age ( If And( ?person #foaf :Person
?person [foaf:age -> ?age] External(pred:numeric-less-than(?age 18))
)Then Do( Assert(?person#ex:Under18Person) )
logic
annotation
Report
Parrot overview
• Multimedia-rich, customizable reports for humans
• Supports multiple metadata
• Combination of rules and ontologies
• Supports multilingual annotations
OWL
RIF
Parrot usage
Web service
Eclipse plugin
Command Line Interface
Parrot DEMO
http://ontorule-project.eu/parrot
Conclusions
• Ontology metadata exists in the wild, but there is still room for improvement
• Metadata facilitate rule exchange between Business Rules Management System
• We expect to impact on the quality and quantity of the metadata annotations in rules and ontologies
Future work
• To expand the analysis to large ontologies
• To account the use of metadata in RIF documents as they become available
• To extend proposal of rule metadata properties as new requirements arise
About this presentation
Fifth Metadata and Semantics Research
Conference (MTSR 2011)12-14 October 2011
Yaşar University, Izmir – TURKEYhttp://mtsr2011.yasar.edu.tr
AcknowledgementsThis work has been partially supported by the European
Commission under ONTORULE project
