Measurement

Measurement

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What Do We Measure?

We measure Time Length & perimeter Area Capacity & volume Weight

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Time UnitsSeconds The smallest unit of time on a clock.

Minutes There are 60 seconds in one minute.

Hours There are 60 minutes in one hour.

Days There are 24 hours in one day.

Weeks There are 7 days in one week.

Months The number of days and weeks in a month is different for each month.

Years There are 365 ¼ days in one year.

Decades There are 10 years in one decade.

Centuries There are 100 years or 10 decades in one century.

Millennia There are 1000 years, 100 decades, or 10 centuries in one millennium.



Measuring Time Reading an Analog clock:

The big, dark hand tells us the minute. The small, dark hand tells us the hour.

The long, red hand tells us the second.

Hour hand

Second hand

Minute hand

The shorter of the two hands on this clock is the hour hand. The minute hand is longer



Measuring Time

There are three hands in the clock Hour hand of the clock Minute hand of the clock Second’s hand of the clock

Each movement of Second’s hand marking Passing Seconds.

You can count these marking of the clock , you find there are 60 markings. After these 60 markings minute’s hand marks making a minute. So you can say that

1 minute = 60 seconds After 60 marking of minute’s hand makes 1 hour .



Reading an Analog clock:What time does this clock

show? The hour hand is between the 9

and the 10. The minutes can be counted by

fives using the numbers on the clock beginning at the 12. i.e., 30 min The time shown is 9:30, or “half-past Nine.”

In this clock the hour hand is between 10 to 11 . And the minutes can be counted by fives using the number on the clock beginning at the 12 is 9 min , also second hands is at 12

The time shown is 10:09:00. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


AM and PM “AM” stands for the Latin phrase Ante Meridiem

which means “before noon” “PM” stands for Post Meridiem :

Means “after noon.”

What is Noon and Midnight? A.M. and P.M. start immediately after Midnight and

Noon (Midday) respectively. This means that 00:00 A.M. or 00:00 P.M. (or 12:00

A.M. and 12:00 P.M.) have no meaning. Every day starts precisely at midnight and A.M.

starts immediately after that point in time e.g. 00:00:01 A.M.



Measuring Length Length is the size of a straight line, distance, or

straight edge on an object. We measure length with a ruler. Each ruler is

divided into units. When using a ruler, line up the edge of the ruler with the start of the line or side you are measuring and read the line where the side or object ends.

So this rectangle is 4 6/10 of a cm long or 4.6 cm long.



Units for Length

There are two major units for measurements:

Metric units are used all over the world.

The base unit is the meter. All other units are meters multiplied or divided by a power of 10.

1 centimeter (cm)=10 millimeters (mm)1 meter (m)=100 cm=1000 mm

1 kilometer=1000 m=100,000 cm=1,000,000 mm



Prefix SymbolFactor

NumberFactor Word

Kilo k 1,000 Thousand

Hecto h 100 Hundred

Deca da 10 Ten

Deci d 0.1 Tenth

Centi c 0.01 Hundredth

Milli m 0.001 Thousandth



Customary Units for LengthU.S. customary units are only used in the U.S. The smallest unit is the inch, but on a ruler, an

inch can be divided up into smaller pieces—halves, quarters, eighths, sixteenths, even thirty-seconds!

1 foot (ft.) = 12 inches (in.) 3 ft. = 1 yard (yd.) 1760 yds. = 1 mile (mi). 5,280 ft. = 1 mi.

1 in. = 2.54 cm1 ft. = 0.305 m1 yd.= 0.914 m1 mi.= 1.61 km



Comparison of English and SI Units

1 inch

2.54 cm

1 inch = 2.54 cm



Reporting Measurements

• Using significant figures

• Report what is known with certainty

• Add ONE digit of uncertainty (estimation)



Measuring a Pin



Measuring AreaArea tells us how many squares you can lay out on a flat

surface like a shape.To find the area of a Rectangle: Multiply the length of the object by its width. Triangle: Multiply the length of the triangle’s base by its

height. Different Shape: Cut the shape into rectangles and

triangles. Add the areas of these shapes to get the total area of the shape.

Units: You are measuring area in squares, so your units must also be squares—square inches (sq. in.), square meters (m2), etc. Basically take the units that the length was measured in and

let us know that they are now squares.© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Capacity & Volume Capacity is how much you can fill a space with. We

usually talk about capacity with empty containers. Volume is how much space an object takes up. We

talk about volume with both solid objects (no empty spaces) and with empty containers. One way to measure the capacity or volume of an

object is by using the lengths of the height and the sides of the base to find the volume of the solid.

Another way to measure volume is to find out how many cubes of the same size you can fit into the object.

The other way you can measure the capacity or volume of an object is to find out how much liquid you can fill it with.



Measuring Liquids We use measuring cups to measure liquids. When

using a measuring cup, make sure you hold the level of the water in your line of sight or crouch down until the water line is in your line of sight and read the line that that water goes up to.

1 cup (c.)=8 fluid ounces (fl. oz.)2 c.=1 pint (pt.)

2 pts.=1 quart (qt.)4 qts.=1 gallon (gal.)



Measuring Liquids• Like with metric units for length, all units are the

base unit (in this case the liter) multiplied or divided by a power of 10.

• The main units you will use in measuring liquids will be milliliters and liters.

1,000 milliliter (mL)= 1 liter (L)

A little connection with volume of solids:

1mL=1 cubic centimeter (cc)



• In the United States, liquid measurement is not only used for liquids such as water and milk, it is also used when measuring other ingredients such as flour, sugar, shortening, butter, and spices. Tea

spoonTable spoon

Fluidounce Gill Cup pint quart gallo

n

1 teaspoon 1 1/3 1/6 1/24 - - - - - - - - - - - -

1 tablespoon

3 1 1/2 1/8 1/16 - - - - - - - - -

1 fluid ounce

6 2 1 1/4 1/8 1/16 - - - - - -

1 gill 24 8 4 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 - - -

1 cup 48 16 8 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/16

1 pint 96 32 16 4 2 1 1/2 1/8

1 quart 192 64 32 8 4 2 1 1/4

1 gallon 768 256 128 32 16 8 4 1

1 firkin 6912 2304 1152 288 144 72 36 9

1 hogshead 48384 16128 8064 2016 1008 504 252 63© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Measuring Weight The smallest unit is the ounce, although it can also

be broken into smaller pieces or fractions of an ounce.

The base unit is the gram, and all other units of weight in the metric system are grams multiplied or divided by powers of 10.

1000 milligrams (mg)= 1 gram (g)1000 g=1 kilogram (kg)

16 ounces (oz.)=1 pound (lb.)2000 lbs=1 ton (T.)

1 oz=28.35 g1 lb=0.454 kg1 g=0.035 oz.

1 kg=2.202 lbs.© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


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