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By Mr. Hanan Kumar
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
By
Mr .HANAN
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTES
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
SEMINAL VESICLES
PROSTATE
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
URETHRA
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide
testis into 250 lobules
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue
- produce sperm
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone
(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES
(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS
(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES
(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS
TESTIS • TESTIS = situated external to abdominal cavity
in scrotal sac; allows reducedtemperature below that of the body core (37oC), this reduced temperature is important for viability of sperm.
• The testis is covered by a dense collagenous coat called the tunica albuginea.
• Septa extend into the testis to separate the lobules.
• In mature testis, there is a prominent vascular layer immediately beneath the tunica albuginea
• Most of the testis is occupied by highly coiled seminiferous tubules.
Leydig cells
TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EPIDIDYMIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Mediastinum containing
RETE TESTIS
LOBULES
• The abundant seminiferous tubules all lead into the mediastinum of the testis, separated from the rest of the testis by the tunica albuginea as well.
• The mediastinum includes the rete testis, which lead to the efferent ducts and then the epididymis at the posterior aspect of the testis.
• The epididymis can be divided into three parts – the head, the body, and the tail.
• The ductus deferens is continuous with the tail of the epididymis.
• As mentioned before, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring in the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal, exits the deep inguinal ring, and joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejactulatory duct.
TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
INTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUE
TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TUNICA VAGINALIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:
(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS
(2) SERTOLI CELLS
TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:
(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS
(2) SERTOLI CELLS
stem cells which regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm as they migrate toward the lumen
nutritive and supportive cells
INTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
(1) LEYDIG CELLS
produce and release testosterone
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SERTOLI CELLS
SERTOLI CELLS
SPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA
1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE
2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE
SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS
SPERMATOGENESISSPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA 1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE 2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES SPERMATOGENESISTHREE PHASES:
(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)
- spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions to provide stem cells and cells which will proceed through spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes)
(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)
- diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial phase give rise to haploid cells (1n)
- Meiosis I (reduction division) & Meiosis II (equatorial division)
- 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form 2º spermatocytes which then enter Meiosis II and result in spermatids
(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)
- spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa
LEYDIG CELLS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide
testis into 250 lobules
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue
- produce sperm
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone
(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES
(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS
(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES
(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS
• Fully formed spermatozoa leave the seminiferous tubules by straight tubules and enter interconnected channels called rete testis within the mediastinum
• These flattened channels are lined with low cuboidal epithelium. As mentioned before, the mediastinum contains the dense connective tissue of the tunica albuginea.
• The rete testis lead into the efferent ductules that lead into the head of the epididymis.
• Efferent ductules have unusual serrated or scalloped epithelial lining.
• This is due to alternating tall and short cells. Note the cells have cilia, which beat to help move mature sperm to the epididymis.
EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EFFERENT DUCTULES
IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT NON-CILIATED CELLS
CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS
CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS; THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS
EPIDIDYMIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES
DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS
SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION
• Note the efferent ductules located right next to the epididymis. They empty their contents into the head of the epididymis, located outside the testis.
• Note the difference between the epithelia of the efferent ductules and the epididymis.
• The long and convoluted epididymis is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium (bottom right) with stereocilia.
• Sperm is stored in the tail of the epididymis in preparation for ejaculation.
• From there, the sperm enters the ductus deferens.
EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMISEFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH SEMINAL VESICLES
SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION VIA SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DURING EJACULATION
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
VAS DEFERENS
VAS DEFERENS H&EVAS DEFERENS H&E
Seminal vesicles• Small glands adjacent to
end of vas deferens• Secrete an alkaline (basic)
fluid– Has high sugar content that
helps sperm motility by giving them a lot of energy
– This fluid is the greatest portion of the volume of semen released during ejaculation
Seminal vesicle
SEMINAL VESICLES
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MUCOSA HIGHLY FOLDED
EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
SECRETIONS ARE HIGH IN FRUCTOSE AND BASIC
REGULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTS DURING EJACULATION
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINAL VESICLES
EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
Prostate gland
• Walnut-sized gland at the base of the bladder.
• Secrete milky, alkaline (basic) fluid that makes up about 30% of volume of semen released during ejaculation.– Alkalinity helps counteract the
acidity of the male urethra and the female vaginal tract to help sperm survive.
Prostate gland
PROSTATE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA
PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE
SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE
PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS
- precipitation of secretory product
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE
PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS
-precipitation of secretory product,
-
• The calcified material, which is an insoluble fibrous protein, blocks the prostatic ducts.
• This is believed to happen when the prostate cannot function normally and the fluid it produces cannot be secreted properly or if there has been an infection in the prostate and the pus from the infection cannot drain properly.
• If this happens the fluids stuck in the ducts harden over time and calcify causing little stones which block the tube where the fluids pass out the prostate, this makes more fluid build up and causes more stone to be made over a period of time
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition found in older men where the prostate naturally swells to an abnormal size and shape. When this happens it can cause the prostate to press on the urethra and make it painful, or difficult to pass urine.
• The abnormal size is what is believed to cause the prostate stones (Corpora amylacea), because the prostate is not its normal size the ducts cannot function properly and release the fluids down the tubes because they become twisted or narrow from the swelling.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
URETHRA
PROSTATIC, MEMBRANOUS, SPONGY (PENILE)
Internal structure of the penis:cross-section
NOTE:• The glans of the penis at the tip, connected to the bulb
via the corpus spongiosum. The corpus cavernosum is on both sides, connected to the ischial tuberosity.
• The superficial dorsal, and lateral superficial veins underneath the skin but outside the tunica albuginea.
• he deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery, and dorsal nerve within the tunica albuginea.
• The deep artery within the corpus cavernosum.• The urethra within the corpus spongiosum.
PENISPENIS
CCCC CCCC
CSCS
URETHRAURETHRA
PENISPENIS
ERECTILE BODIES
ERECTILE BODIES
- The two corpora cavernosa and single corpus spongiosum form the erectile tissue of the penis.
-Note on the top left panel the trabeculae and irregular venous spaces.
-During an erection, blood flow enters the erectile tissue via arteries, fill the venous spaces, and stay there due to obstructed venous outflow.
-
THANK YOU