Livestock in developing countries: Animal health challenges and opportunities

General Assembly of the International Federation for Animal Health, Brussels, 25 April 2013Jimmy Smith

OUTLINE

The global challenge for agricultureLivestock dimensionsThe case of animal healthA bit about ILRI

THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE

How the world would feed itself sustainably by the time population stabiles?

60% more food than is produced now75% of this must come from productivity increaseWhile also reducing povertyCoping with the 2 degree temperature scenario --and possibly 4 degrees

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Livestock dimensions of that challenge –but also opportunity

Percentage increase in demandfor livestock products

IFPRI-ILRI IMPACT model results

Far higher growth in demand will occur in developing countries

By 2040, 70% of global beef and milk will be produced in developing countries by smallholders in transition

IFPRI-ILRI IMPACT model results

%

0

5

10

15

20

90 95 2000 2004 2005 2008 2009

Milli

on to

nnes

Beef Pork Poultry Meat Ovine

Trade matters --but local markets matter more

The value of meat trade is estimated over $100 billion in 2011, approximately 10 percent of agricultural trade.

However, trade of meat account for only 10 percent of total livestock consumption

THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

The Livestock DimensionsPromoting growth with equity –small holder participationConnecting small holders to marketsRaising livestock productivityAnimal-human-ecosystems health & food safetyRendering livestock systems more environmentally sustainableAmeliorating the effects of climate change on livestock

Livestock for livelihoods in the developing world

70% of the world’s rural poor rely on livestock for important parts of their livelihoods.

Of the 600 million poor livestock keepers in the world, around two-thirds are rural women.

More than half of livestock products are produced by small holders – and growing

Up to 40% of benefits from livestock keeping come from non-market, intangible benefits, mostly insurance and financing.

Livestock keepers in developing countries

Density of poor livestock keepers

One billion people earning <$2 a day depend on livestock600 million in south Asia300 million in sub Saharan Africa

ILRI, 2012

0 or no data

To eat meat or not to eat . . .

One billion hungry Two billion overweight

Addressing GHG inefficiencies in the developing world is an opportunity

Herrero et al PNAS (forthcoming)

GHG per kg of animal protein produced

A global water crisis

2 billion peoplelack access

Demand is growing; freshwater is getting scarcer

70% of total freshwater use is for agriculture,of which 31%is for livestock

Source: (Steinfeld et al. 2006)

Large productivity gaps between richand poor countries are not closing

Some developing country regions have gaps of up to 430% in milk

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Animal health issues

Costs of emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks(US$ billion)

PeriodCosts (conservative

estimates)Annual

average

6 outbreaks other than SARS -Nipah virus (Malaysia), -West Nile fever (USA), -HPAI (Asia, Europe), -BSE (US), -Rift Valley Fever (Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia)- BSE (UK) costs in 1997-09 only

1998-2009 38.7

SARS 2002-2004 41.5

Total in 12 year period (1998-2009)

80.2 6.7 b

16Source World Bank 2012

Annual losses from selected diseases – Africa and South Asia

Estimates from BMGF

• West USA & west Europe hotspots

• Last decade: S America & SE Asia

1998

2007

Globalization of transboundary disease: Example African swine fever

Threat to $150 billion global pig industry

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A bit about ILRI

CIMMYTMexico CityMexico

IFPRIWash. DCUSA

CIPLimaPeru

CIATCaliColombia

BioversityInternationalRome Italy

AfricaRiceCotonouBenin

IITAIbadanNigeria

ILRINairobiKenya

World AgroforestryNairobiKenya

ICARDAAleppoSyrian Arab Rep. ICRISAT

PatancheruIndia

IWMIColomboSri Lanka

IRRILos BanosPhillippines

World FishPenangMalaysia

CIFORBogorIndonesia

CGIAR Research Centres

ILRI Offices

Mali

Nigeria

Mozambique

Kenya

Ethiopia

India

Sri Lanka

China

Laos

Vietnam

Thailand

Nairobi: HeadquartersAddis Ababa: principal campus In 2012, offices opened in:Kampala, UgandaHarare, ZimbabweGaborone, Botswana

Office in Bamako, Malirelocated toOuagadougou, Burkina FasoDakar, Senegal

ILRI Nairobi campus

A lab in Africa at the foot of Kenya’s Ngong Hills

★

ILRI resources

• Staff: 700

• Budget: $74 million

• 30+ scientific disciplines

• 150 senior scientists from 39 countries

• 56% of internationally recruited

staff are from 22 developing countries

• 34% of internationally recruited staff

are women

• Large campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia

ILRI’s research teams

25

Integrated sciences Biosciences

Animal science for sustainable productivity

BecA-ILRI hub

Food safety and zoonoses Vaccine platform

Livestock systems and the environment

Animal bioscience

Livelihoods, gender and impact Feed and forage bioscience

Policy, trade, value chains Bioscience facilities

A portfolio of innovation and vaccine related technology platforms

Optimizing existing vaccines Thermostabilization of attenuated viral vaccines Establishing quality control and process improvement

Reverse vaccinology and immunology Identification of vaccine antigens Assessing protein and gene-based vaccine formulations

Pathogen & livestock genomics Host and pathogen gene expression profiles Pathogen population structure

Synthetic genomics Manipulating bacterial genomes Attenuating viruses by genome engineering

Opportunity: Employ ‘one health’ for diseases of intensification and food-borne diseases

Conducting integrated human & livestock disease surveys: Kenya, Laos, Vietnam, China

Supporting one -health resource centers in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia

• Undertaking participatory risk analysis for safe foods in informal markets

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