JHydro - an implementation of the digital watershed

J-HYDRO: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL WATERSHED

Silvia FranceschiAndrea AntonelloRiccardo Rigon

FOSS4G2008 Cape TownSeptember 2008

DEFINITION OF DIGITAL WATERSHED

Digital watershed is a large system which uses the modern technologies to capture, store, manage, process and analyze all the information related to a watershed (data and models), and on the bases of these, then develops a comprehensive decision-making system to optimize the management of the watershed (Zhang, Wang and Shibasaki).

DIGITAL WATERSHED

Modern technologies used:

remote sensing (RS)

geographical information system (GIS)

global positioning system (GPS)

virtual reality (VR)

database (DB)

network and multimedia

Aims:

capture

store

manage

process and analyze

INFORMATIONS

DIGITAL WATERSHED

The informations are related to the watershed:

geographical background

fundamental facility

natural resource

cultural scene

ecological environment

population distribution

social and economic condition in the scale of watershed

DIGITAL WATERSHED

The digital watershed can be divided into three layers:

visual information platform

thematic application subsystem

comprehensive management and decision making support system

VISUAL INFORMATION PLATFORM

It is the basic layer of digital watershed. By using modern digital, information and network technologies it should:

collect different types of information in the watershed

construct the spatial and attribution databases

make up a visual fundamental information platform based on GIS

THEMATIC APPLICATION SUBSYSTEMS

The thematic application subsystem is the applied layer of the digital watershed. In a watershed, there are always many administrative and professional departments in different fields (hydrology, natural resource and environment), that have their own corresponding requirements for decision-making support systems. Different thematic application subsystems should be developed for these professional departments in order to provide thematic application services.

DECISION MAKING SUPPORT SYSTEM

This is the synthetic layer of the digital watershed. It is used to

analyze different types of information in the watershed based on the visual information platform

optimize the macro-management and policy-making of the whole watershed

integrate many different results obtained from all the thematic application subsystems

J-HYDRO

J-Hydro is an implementation of the Digital Watershed concept.

It is developed by HydroloGIS and the University Center for the Defense of the Mountain Environment (CUDAM University of Trento (Italy)), and it is completely based on Free and Open Source applications, using:

Postgres-PostGIS and H2 or HSQLDB: database and data management systems

JGrass: GIS especially dedicated to environmental analysis (www.jgrass.org)

OpenMi: standard interfaces for development of environmental models (www.openmi.org)

J-HYDRO

J-Hydro was first implemented for the administration authority of the Adige basin (the second biggest Italian river) as part of a project studying the water resources management, particularly in case of water scarcity.

J-HYDRO: DATA STRUCTURE

The data structure should provide the possibility to:

archive and correlate the spatial information available for the basin

integrate in the whole system all the data measured from the monitoring points that are located within and near the watershed

being based on top of a database

easy to query for time series data

easy to use in conjunction with hydrological and environmental models

a relational database spatially enriched


based on the ArcHydro model: developed by the CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for Advancement of Hydrologic Science Inc.) to facilitate the creation, the use and the visualization of all the components and objects related to water management in GIS frameworks


based on the ArcHydro model: developed by the CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for Advancement of Hydrologic Science Inc.) to facilitate the creation, the use and the visualization of all the components and objects related to water management in GIS frameworks

dynamic database approach: for each simulation it will create new data (geometries) using a particular hierarchical structure of the stream network derived from the network Pfafstetter enumeration


MAIN STREAMfirst level - odd numbers

MAIN TRIBUTARISsecond level - even numbers

third level channel

MODIFIED PFAFSTETTER

J-HYDRO

Database (PostgresSQL/PostGIS/CUAHSI)

J-HYDRO: STREAM NETWORK STRUCTURE

this kind of enumeration allows the user to navigate the stream network both upstream and downstream

it is possible to manage the geometries at different detail level

the amount of data is calibrated on the type of simulation


Stream network level 5









J-HYDRO: MORE THAN JUST STREAM DATA

The database contains also other kind of information such as:

stream nodes related informations:

topological junctions: confluences

monitoring points

other elements which have important influence on the hydrological balance (lakes)

meteorological gauges

J-HYDRO: MONITORING POINT DATA

confluence

Adige basin closed in Bolzano

J-HYDRO: MONITORING POINT DATA

confluences

stream gauge

J-HYDRO: ADDITIONAL DATA

confluence

stream gauge

dam


confluence

stream gauge

dam

spillway


offtake

confluence

stream gauge

dam

spillway


meteo gauge

offtake

confluence

stream gauge

dam

spillway

J-HYDRO: TOOLS DEVELOPMENT

On database side tools were developed for the following purposes:

use of shapefiles as main source of geometry for the models

positioning of the cross sections of the rivers

addition of the lakes to the system

creation of the derived geometries and their association

continuous integration of temporal series with the data collected by the monitoring points

execution of statistical analysis both on the historical series and on the on line data (flow duration curve, rainfall trends and temperature trends)

J-HYDRO: TOOLS DEVELOPMENT

flow duration curve for the stream gauges

discharge volumes analysis

J-HYDRO

Analysis tools(R+Postgres)


J-HYDRO: THE MODELS

A complete hydrological model has been developed for the full hydrological balance evaluation especially in the case of water scarcity. Its behavior is:

on tributary rivers: discharge is calculated using a rainfall runoff model

on main stream river network: 1D hydraulic water flow model taking into account the natural and artificial inflow and outflow.

J-HYDRO: THE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL

Dams offtakes spillways

Evapotranspiration

Meteo

Runoff:generation and flow propagation

Snow

J-HYDRO: THE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL

Meteo

Evapotranspirationpotential evapotranspirationspatial interpolation of the rainfall using the kriging geospatial interpolatorspatial interpolation of the temperatures

Snowsnow water equivalent evaluation (SWE)

Flow propagation

Runoff generation1D simplified hydraulic water flow model (de Saint Venant)geomorphological runoff evaluation (Duffy)

J-HYDRO



Models(OpenMI)

J-HYDRO: THE GIS PLATFORM

The GIS platform is used to:

visualize and query the spatial data in the database

elaborate the stream network and related basins geometries for the initial database creation

elaborate geomorphological analysis

elaborate and visualize temporal series analysis

execute the hydrological model

visualize the results of the simulation

JGrasswww.jgrass.org

JGrass: DATABASE LAYERS VISUALIZATION

DATABASE CONNECTION

LAYERS VIEW

JGrass: NETWORK DATA EXTRACTION

JGrass: SUBBASINS EXTRACTION

JGrass: SELECTION OF THE BASIN OUTLET

JGrass: SELECTION OF THE TIME INTERVAL

JGrass: SET UP OF MONITORING POINTS

JGrass: DEFINE THE CHAIN OF MODELS TO USE

JGrass: HTML SIMULATION REPORT

JGrass: INTERPOLATED RAINFALL MAPS

JGrass: FINAL DISCHARGE RESULTS

J-HYDRO



Models(OpenMI)

Interfaces(Java/JGrass)

userspublic administrationsand professionals

webexternal database

J-HYDRO: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL WATERSHED

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION...

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ydroloGIS

nvironmental

ngineering

HydroloGIS s.r.l. - Via Siemens, 19 39100 Bolzano

www.hydrologis.com

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Second Outline Level

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ydroloGIS

nvironmental

ngineering

HydroloGIS s.r.l. - Via Siemens, 19 39100 Bolzano

www.hydrologis.com

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JHydro - an implementation of the digital watershed