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INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Prepared by: Jan Wong
The Learning Outcome
s Understand what on
earth is an Information System
Know the components of an Information System
The Keyword
s
• Data vs Information
• Systems
• Decision
• Valuable
• Hardware
• Software
• People
• Procedure
Back to Basics
What is a computer?
• An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory;Accepts data (Input)
Raw facts, figures and symbols
Processes data into information (Process)
Data that is organized, meaningful and useful for decision making
Produces results (Output)
Stores the results (Storage) for future use
Back to Basics
What is an Information System?
• To provide accurate, timely and useful informationEach element must be present
and all of the elements must work together
• The Information System consists of FIVE PARTS which include: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data
The 5 Elements of I.S.
#3: PEOPLE
#4: PROCEDURES
#5: DATA
#1: HARDWARE #2: SOFTWARE
or INFORMATION
It is defined as; any electric, electronic and mechanical components contained in a computer
• Examples :Monitor
Keyboard
Printers
Thumb drive
Hard disk
Scanner
The Elements
#1: HARDWARE
It is defined as; series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it
• Examples :Operating systems
Application software
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation graphics
Custom software
or any other software used in an organisation
The Elements
#2: SOFTWARE
A user is a person who communicates with a computer or uses the information that it generates
• Skilled
• Up-to-date IT knowledge
• Train users
The Elements
#3: PEOPLE
It is defined as; an instruction or set of instructions a user follows to accomplish an activity
• Example :User manual
Data entry
Step-by-Step
The Elements
#4: PROCEDURE
DATA
• Data (singular=datum) are raw facts
• Data has no inherent meaning
• Data cannot be used for making decision
INFORMATION
• Processed data that conveys meaning and useful to people
• It is used for making decision
• Examples : Employee payroll report
Student grade sheet
Telephone bill statement
The Elements
#5: DATA /INFORMATION
“I.S. is to help in
decision making” In other
words…
Huh? Decision Making?
Improve productivity
Monitor organisational performance
Planning and decision making
Competitive advantage
SIX Qualities
of ValuableInfo
Accuracy
• Error free
• Inaccurate information can lead to incorrect decisions
Verifiable
• User can conform and verify the information
• Can be proven as correct or incorrect
Timely
• Has an age suited to its use
SIX Qualities
of ValuableInfo
Organised
• Information is arranged to suit the needs and requirements of the users
Meaningful
• Relevant to the user who receives or uses it
• Unnecessary information must be eliminated
Cost effective
• The cost to produce the information should be less than the actual cost of the information
Types of Information Systems
• Transaction Processing Systems
• Management Information System
• Decision Support Systems
• Knowledge Management Systems
• Database Management Systems
• Office Information Systems
• Etc..
More Example
s
APIIT / UCTI
• Timetable
• Learnfinity
• Student Records
Booking & Reservations
• Air Asia
• GSC
• Hotels
• Book Stores
Supply Chain
• Hypermarkets
Questions,
anyone?
Chapter 2:
Introduction to
Database
Management