IPv6 Routing LabQuick review of IPv6 Addressing

Basic v6 Router configsSetting up OSPFv3Setting up DHCPv6

By: Rob HammInstructor

Computer Information Systems AdministrationBritish Columbia Institute of Technology

Fa 0/0

PC1

PC2

PC3

R2

R3 ISPR1

Ser 0/1/0.2

Ser 0/1/0.1

Ser 0/1/0.2

Ser 0/2/0.1

Ser 0/2/0.2

Ser 0/1/0.1

Fa 0/0

Fa 0/0

2000:1::/64

2000:5::/64

2000:6::/64

2000:3::/64

2000:2::/64 2000:4::/64

IPv6 Lab Topology1. Setup static addresses

2. Setup OSPFv3

3. Create static/default routes

4. Setup DHCPv6

IPv6 Address Notation

2000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0001 / 64

0010 0000 0000 0000 : 0000 0000 0000 0001 : …

IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in:

Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets”

Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF

Separated by colons

Subnet masks shown as a prefix length (in bits)

16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits<-------------- Network -----------> <--------------- Host ------------->

IPv6 Address Notation

2000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0001 / 64

No More Subnetting! (sort of)

Default/standard addresses use 3-1-4 rule

3 hextets for networks (281 Trillion)

1 hextet for subnets (65,536)

4 hextets for hosts (18 Quintillion = Billion x Billion)

16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits<-------- Network -----> <--------------- Host -------------><Subnet>

Two Rules for Address Abbreviation

Rule 1: Leading zeroes in any segment can be omitted

2000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0001 / 64

2000: 1 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 / 64

Rule 2: A single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be represented with a double colon.

2000 : 0001 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0001 / 64

2000: 1 :: 1 / 64

<-------------- Network -----------> <--------------- Host ------------->

<-------------- Network -----------> <--------------- Host ------------->

IPv6 Addressing

IPv6 Address Types:

MulticastUnicast Anycast

Assigned Solicited

Global Unicast UnspecifiedLoopbackEmbedded IPv4

Link-Local Unique Local

FF00::/8 FF02::1:FF00:0000/104

::/128::1/1282000::/33FFF::/3

FE80::/10FEBF::/10

FC00::/7FDFF::/7

::/80

Note: There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6

Interface IDSubnet IDGlobal Routing Prefix

Structure of a Global Unicast Address

n bits m bits 128-n-m bits

001 Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3

7

IANA’s allocation of IPv6 address space in 1/8th sections

• Global unicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses.• Routable• Unique

Stateless Autoconfiguration

Global Unicast

Static Global Unicast Addresses

Dynamic

IPv6 Unnumbered

DHCPv6

Static EUI-64

Manual

IPv6 Address

R1# conf tR1(config)#R1(config)# interface fa 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2000:1::1/64 Manual Static

OR

R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2000:1::/64 EUI Manual EUI-64

2 Ways to Configure a Static Global Unicast Address

No Host Portion

R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1 still use 32 bit router IDR1(config-rtr)# exit NO network statements at all!R1(config)# interface fa0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

Default route on R3R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 Serial0/1/0

R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate still same

Configuring OSPFv3

! SLAAC configures IP address & Default Gateway on hosts! DHCP is necessary to provide DNS information

R1(config)# ipv6 dhcp pool cisco1R1(config-dhcp)# dns-server 2000:6::2R1(config-dhcp)# exitR1(config)# interface fa 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 dhcp server cisco1

! Tell ICMPv6 to set “O” flag so clients will accept DHCP infoR1(config-if)# ipv6 nd other-config-flag

Configuring Stateless DHCPv6

show ipv6 interface brief command on router R1

R1# show ipv6 interface briefFastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::203:6BFF:FEE9:D480 2000:1::1 Global unicast address

Link-local unicast address

12

• Link-local address automatically created when/before the global unicast address is.

• We will discuss link-local addresses next.

PC1> ipconfigWindows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter Local Area Connection:  Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2000:1::2

Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1%11 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 2000:1::1

13

PC1: Static Global Unicast Address

Global Unicast

Manual

IPv6 UnnumberedIPv6 Address Stateless

AutoconfigurationDHCPv6

Static EUI-64

14

Dynamic

2 Ways to Configure a Dynamic Global Unicast Address

R1

DHCPv6 Server

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol• The router’s Router Advertisement (RAs)determines how the

host gets its dynamic address configuration.• ipv6 unicast-routing command enables router to send RAs.• Default = Stateless Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC)

• Router uses ICMPv6 to deliver IP address & D.G. via RA.• Other Options:

• Stateless DHCPv6 – delivers only additional info (e.g. DNS)• Stateful DHCPv6 – delivers all IP info

RA

RS

DNS info

• Used to communicate with other devices on the link.• Are NOT routable off the link.• An IPv6 device must have at least one link-local address.• Used by:

• Hosts to communicate to the IPv6 network before it has a global unicast address.

• Used as the default gateway address by hosts.• Adjacent routers to exchange routing updates

Interface ID

/64

1111 1110 10xx xxxx

FE80::/10

Remaining 54 bits10 bits 64 bits

EUI-64, Random or Manual Configuration

Link-local unicast

PC1> ipconfigWindows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter Local Area Connection:  IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . : 2000:1::D2FF:FE8C:E04C

Link-local IPv6 Address . . . : fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1%11 Default Gateway . . . . . . . : fe80::200:CFF:FEDA:37D7

Windows Addresses

• WinXP and Server 2003 use EUI-64. • Vista & Win7/8 use pseudo random 64-bit Interface ID. • The %11 following the address is a Windows Zone ID (not IPv6).

IPv6 Resources

• IPv6 Fundamentals, Rick Graziani, Cisco Press• www.cabrillo.edu/~rgraziani/ipv6/Site/IPv6.html

– Watch Rick’s videos and check out his PPTs

• Keith Barker’s YouTube Channel has a fantastic 9-video playlist on IPv6 (most are 15-20 minutes long)