Io t features_and_architecture_2009

Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects (RFID, captors/sensors...)

Part I: Features and architecturePart I: Features and architectureAlexandru Serbanati

Cattid Labs

22‐23/09/09 2Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects

IoT Features and Architecture

IoT and definitions(RFID, WPANs, mobiles)


Internet of Things… definitions (1)

“A world where 'things' can automaticallycommunicate to computers and eachpother, providing services for the benefitof human kind ”of human kind.

Ian Smith (President AIM UK) ( )

CASAGRAS Coordinator



“A global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtualbj h h h l i i f d dobjects through the exploitation of data capture and

communications capabilities.

This infrastr ct re incl des e isting and e ol ing Internet andThis infrastructure includes existing and evolving Internet andnetwork developments.

It will offer specific object identification sensor and connectionIt will offer specific object‐identification, sensor and connectioncapability as the basis for the development of independentfederated services and applications. These will bef ppcharacterised by a high degree of autonomous data capture,event transfer, network connectivity and interoperability.”

Anthony Furness, CTO of the European Centre of Excellence for AIDC

CASAGRAS Technical CoordinatorCASAGRAS Technical Coordinator



“A world where physical objects are seamlesslyi d i h i f i k d hintegrated into the information network, and wherethe physical objects can become active participants inbusiness processes Services are available to interactbusiness processes. Services are available to interactwith these 'smart objects' over the Internet, queryand change their state and any informationassociated with them, taking into account securityand privacy issues.”

Stephan Haller, Development Architect

SAP AGSAP AG



“The IoT concept was initially based around enablingh l i h di d ifi i ( )technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

or wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), butnowadays spawns a wide variety of devices with differentnowadays spawns a wide variety of devices with differentcomputing and communication capabilities – genericallytermed networked embedded devices (NED). […] Morerecent ideas have driven the IoT towards an allencompassing vision to integrate the real world into theI [ ]”Internet […]”

Future Internet Assembly/Real World InternetFuture Internet Assembly/Real World Internet


My definition

“A global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtualbj h h h l i i f d dobjects through the exploitation of data capture and

communications capabilities. This infrastructure includesexisting and evolving Internet and network developments Itexisting and evolving Internet and network developments. Itwill offer specific object‐identification, sensor and connectioncapability as the basis for the development of independentfederated services and applications. These will becharacterised by a high degree of autonomous data capture,

f k i i d i bili ”event transfer, network connectivity and interoperability.”

Alexandru Serbanati: )Alexandru Serbanati:‐)


Internet of Things… so what’s that?

What’s that? Cars

Mobiles

Laptops

What s that?

I n t e r n e tInternet of ThingsAugm. Reality

Pallets

Personal ComputersServers

9

Domotic sensors

22‐23/09/09 Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects

Internet of Things – Smart Objects

An information network of objects thatAn information network of smart objects

• Can connect to other IoT devices directly or through the IoT infrastructurethrough the IoT infrastructure

• Produce, use and/or transmit data to other devicesdevices

• Are highly autonomous and can interact with physical or virtual environments and other IoT devices


IoT evolution

Disconnected objects

Identified objectsIdentified objects

Addressable objects

Smart Objects (1)A t b d d iAgents‐based devices

Smart Objects (2)Services provided directly by SO

Ontology‐based SO


Smart objects

For this reason, objects shall:

• Be uniquely identifiable and addressable

• Have communication means (better if• Have communication means (better if wireless, mesh‐network‐like)

/• Produce, use and/or transmit data to other devices (as previously stated)

• Have their own processing power

• Usually are energetically autonomous (batteriesUsually are energetically autonomous (batteries, solar panels, kinetic…) or are cable powered



Current Scenario(RFID, WPANs, mobiles)


Current scenario – AutoID

• RFID

• Printed ID (barcode, Qrcode, datamatrix, …)Printed ID (barcode, Qrcode, datamatrix, …)


Current scenario – passive RFID

Technology Range (average – max*) Notes

RFID LF (134.2 or 125 kHz) 10‐60cm Resilient to water interf.RFID LF (134.2 or 125 kHz) 10 60cm Resilient to water interf.Used in animal tracking

RFID HF (13.56MHz) 15‐70cm Personal ID, Building access

NFC (RFID HF) 3‐8cm Secure technology for identification and paymentspayments

UHF (868MHz/900MHz) 1‐7m Logistics


Current issues ‐ RFID

• Need for a nearby reader…

• With short range…

O i f ti fl• One‐way information flow…

• No context‐awareness…

• Delivering only presence/sensor information…

… not so autonomous

… but it has to start somewhere


Current scenario – WSANs

• Computing devices with• Computing devices with onboard sensors or actuators

• Form a network and can access other networks

(th h t )Mobiles

Laptops

(through gateways)

Personal ComputersServers


Disambiguation

WS(A)N: Wireless Sensor (and Actuator) Network

Defines the features and function of a network

(LR‐)WPAN: (Low Rate)Wireless Personal Area Network

Defines the type of (standard which is implemented by) thef yp f ( p y)network. In this case the IEEE 802.15.4 defines the PHYand MAC layers.y

ZigBee/SunSPOT are implementations of the IEEE802.15.4

These COULD be use for creating WS(A)Ns but they don’tNEED to and not all WS(A)Ns are LR‐WPANs


( )

Current issues –WS(A)Ns

• Reduced programmability

• Reduced intelligence/autonomityReduced intelligence/autonomity

• Little security, and not for nomadic devices

(devices should connect to the same network if they need security features)if they need security features)

• Low data rate

• Limited scalability


Current scenario – Mobile

(One of the most under‐estimated technologies available for building up IoT!!)

• Network connected– Could even provide gating for BT devicesCould even provide gating for BT devices

• Mobile and autonomous (by definition)

• Onboard input– From sensors (GPS, microphone)From sensors (GPS, microphone)

– From users

O b d ( ib ll )• Onboard output (messages, vibracall, …)

• Good processing power

22‐23/09/09 20Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating

communicating objects

p g p

Current issues – Mobile

• Not designed for collecting data

Mobile devices host lots of other

WideN

oiseMobile devices host lots of othercomponents, not usable for IoT

hil th h l

eapplication fr

purposes, while they have only areduced amount of features that

rom W

ideTag,

could be used (i.e. adapted!) forsuch purposes.

as on Apple Stp p tore



Current scenario – RFID Architecture

Key features:ey eatu es:

• CentralizedBusiness

L i /• 1 way data/event flow(info could be sent to readers, not objects)

Logic/Storage

• Readers could be connected to central business logic

Readers

to central business logic through Intranets

• Readers could be mobile(and use long range connections… but yet 1way)

Tagged objects



Current scenario – LR‐WPAN Architecture

IEEE802.15.4ReducedFunctionKey features: FunctionDeviceFullFunction

Gateway

Key features:

• Morphologically dynamicDevice

Gateway

• Addressability by BIZ proc!

• 2 way* communication• 2 way communication

• I/O interface (sensors/actuators, …)Business

Logic/Storage

• Internet is (eventually) used only for tunneling

Storage

for tunneling

*1way data/event flow + 1way command flow to actuators


*1way data/event flow + 1way command flow to actuators

Sensors don’t issue commands nor do they use data from the BIZ proc

Current scenario – General Architecture

Architectures are still heavily centralized:c tectu es a e st ea y ce t a ed:

• Data flow or events, usually start from thei h l t f th t k dperipheral part of the network and are

used/processed in the central part

• In WSANs, communication is 2 ways, butstill from the center to the periphery andstill from the center to the periphery andvice versa. Peripheral devices don’t usethe information they produce thethe information they produce, theintelligence is centralized


Current scenario – the role of Internet

In nowadays applications, Internet is only d t t li ti t hi hused to connect applications at higher

levels… not smart objects.

Usually objects and business logic pertain to different networksdifferent networks

BusinessActual source et Business

Logic/Storage

Reader‐/Gateway‐based application

source of data/

Actuators/Objects

Interne

based application

Transition from IPv4 (32bit) to IPv6 (128 bit) is underway


as the current address space is quite over.

Current scenario – Internet of Things

• A unified approach is missingu ed app oac s ss g

• Lack of unifying vision

• Lack of unifying protocol

• Exception: RFC 4944 aka 6LoWPAN aims atException: RFC 4944 aka 6LoWPAN aims atdefining a frame format for sending IPv6packets over LR WPANs and also ancillarypackets over LR‐WPANs and also ancillaryconventions for header compressions in

hsuch context


Current use cases (2)

Precision agriculture

“Precision agriculture may be considered a development inwhich the reference to precision implies higher resolutionin farming and agricultural management using higher andgreater quality volumes of data acquired and processedthrough greater exploitation of automatic identificationthrough greater exploitation of automatic identificationand data capture (AIDC), communications technologies andprospectively the functionality being defined for theprospectively the functionality being defined for the

Internet of Things.”CASAGRASCASAGRAS


Current use cases (1)A hR k WSN i th Vi dArchRock: WSN in the Vineyard

Real‐time Vineyard Data

Remote Time saving,A t

Transpiration

Sap flow

Correlation and Analysis

Accurate Decision Making

Sap flow


http://www.archrock.com/pics/applications/vineyards.jpg

Current use cases (2)

Adv. Patient Management

and Process automation and Data flow optimization

optimizationReal‐time

dataStructured

datadata data

Inter‐related data



Future Scenario(Devices, Environment, Architecture)


Future Scenario: Future Devices

Future devices will likely:y

• Have more processing power

• Be able to interact with the environment

• Havemore battery powerHave more battery power

• Their communications will have better t d ti ffi ispectrum‐ and operation‐power‐efficiency

• Be smaller and very mobiley



Smart objects and future environment

Smart objects will be everywhere

Moving around with usMoving around with us

Permeating our environment and our life

Autonomously interacting with it

Gathering and providing sensible informationGathering and providing sensible information

At higher sampling and transmission rates



Services and future environment

Smart objects implementation of service oriented architectures will likely be a key enabler of IoT. Services will slowly move yfrom

Centralized services– Centralized services

– Distributed services

– Autonomous and offline service provisioning



Future Scenario: IoT architecture

IoT architecture:

• Common worldwide infrastr ct reinfrastructure– Providing communication infrastructure

– Core services (object ( jresolution, long range routing, security, …)g y )

IoT architecturalclassification and Smart Object area



Future Scenario: IoT architecture

• Locally autonomous ydevices in the peripheral area:area:– Core services don’t need t b i l d i hto be involved in each interaction

– Autonomous peripheral routing, service discovery and provision IoT architectural

classification and Smart Object area



Future Scenario: architecture issues

• Open questions: how will service discovery work?• Routing to nomadic gnodes providing needed servicesneeded services

• Location‐based service provision

IoT architecturalclassification and Smart Object area



Future Scenario: use cases

• Devices will be all around us and there• Devices will be all around us… and therewill be lots of them (collecting more and

ibl d )more sensible data)

• The number of Internet connected devices(even those that are not directly involved inthe IoT scenario) will be much largerthe IoT scenario) will be much larger– the density of connected devices and,

tl th h f fi di bconsequently, the chance of finding a nearbyconnection will also increase



Future public use case (1)

Three years passed since the introduction of mandatory traffic‐boxes aboard brand new cars. Such sensors gather information fromcars. Such sensors gather information from IMUs, distance sensors, GPS and in some cases are directly connected to the car’scases are directly connected to the car s information system.




Collected information is processed and data about traffic condition is then sent anonymous to the National Traffic Agencyanonymous to the National Traffic Agency through a medium range wireless communication interface (~WLAN)communication interface ( WLAN)

The information collected centrally regards mainly traffic condition and road condition.




The same wireless interface is used for car‐to‐car communication.

Safety routines alert the drivers of accidentsSafety routines alert the drivers of accidents or dangerous situations ahead. – Traffic‐boxes analyze the driving pattern

– If strange, an alert to other traffic‐boxes is issued

– If other traffic‐boxes detect strange patterns in the same position (given by GPS, A‐GPS,the same position (given by GPS, A GPS, Galileo…) drivers are alerted

– Accident events and dynamics are propagated22‐23/09/09 40

– Accident events and dynamics are propagatedStrategic vision on IoT Key features and

services of the future integrating communicating objects

Future private use case (1)

Marienne is jogging in the park in a summer afternoon. She used to carry nothing with her while running, but, since she bought a virtual trainer, she always wears a jogging belt and a training bra.

The integrated IMUs in the belt and in the bra accurately measure all motion components andaccurately measure all motion components and, thanks to complex algorithms, derive, not only the amount of energy she expends but also ifne

tsw

eat.c

om

the amount of energy she expends, but also if the movements she makes are correct.

ww

w.n




Marienne’s belt and bra filter and process the raw data from the array of sensors and send it wirelessly to a training application running onwirelessly to a training application running on her mobile, that she keeps in an armband.

Th d i f h l b h d dThe device further elaborates the data andprovides a real‐time graph and some otherdata to be displayed on the display integratedin her sunglasses data. The display alsog p ysignals her that Scot is in the surroundings.

www vuzix com



www.vuzix.com


She’s not so surprised as before starting theShe s not so surprised as, before starting thesession, she turned “visible” on her socialnetwork and authorized the training program tonetwork and authorized the training program toshare her training routine and position.

Mobile

Instead of using the expensive broadbandi f h bil i h l d

Mobile

Voce

connection of her mobile, given the low data‐rate needed, she decided to use the mobile to

h l i i ’WPAN

WWAN

connect to the electricity company’spervasive connection for the purpose.

WPAN

WBAN




Marienne acquired a bundle from theelectricity and power company which alsoprovides outdoor close‐range connectivity.It was very convenient as the company alsoprovided her the wired infrastructure forher house control system and wiredbroadband connectivity.

She believes that it was convenient for theh k h li i llcompany too as, thanks to the line carrier, all

the services used a common infrastructure.



Thank o !!Thank you!!

Q&AQ

Carlo Maria Medaglia carlomaria.medaglia [a t] uniroma.it

22‐23/09/09 45

gAlexandru Serbanati

g [ ]a.serbanati [a t] uniroma1.it

Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects

IoT workshop day1, September the 22nd

9.30 am - 12.30 amStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integratingcommunicating objects (RFID captors/sensors ) - Part I: Features andcommunicating objects (RFID, captors/sensors...) Part I: Features and architectureCarlo Maria Medaglia, Professor, University of Rome "Sapienza"(KeyNote Speaker Peter Friess - European Commission) (KeyNote Speaker Peter Friess European Commission)

2.00 pm - 3.30 pmStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integratingg y g gcommunicating objects (RFID, captors/sensors...) - Part II: Services and technological issues/ enablersAlexandru Serbanati, IOT Project Manager, RFID Lab, University of Rome"Sapienza"

4.00 pm - 5.30 pmThe IOT as a New Business Opportunity: The WideTAG Case StudyLeandro Agro, Co - Founder, WideTAG


Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects (RFID, captors/sensors...)

Part II: Service and issues/enablersPart II: Service and issues/enablersAlexandru Serbanati

Decentralization

Systems will be smart and pervasive Syste s be s a t a d pe as e

• Devices will need data from other devices

• Devices could be called upon by other devices to execute commands

• For scalability purposes, devices will needto take charge and handle interactionsto take charge and handle interactionsautonomously, without a central

l d h l happlication and without involving the corearea of the communication infrastructure


Need for a common interface

Inhomogeneous systems will need to interactInhomogeneous systems will need to interact

• Need for network level interfaces

• Need for common software interfaces togrant device‐to‐device interoperabilitygrant device‐to‐device interoperability

Solution?IoT – Services

WEBSERVICES like solution based

li ht i ht t l

WEBSERVICES?IoT Serviceson a lightweight protocol


User Services and IoT services

The term “service” is used for high levelThe term “service” is used for high level,benefit creating activity that does notresult in ownership. In IoT it will be provided bybusiness systems to their users and will involveinformation or event transfer.

The term “IoT service” is properly used forThe term IoT service is properly used fora software capable of providing a standardinterface with other computing devicesinterface with other computing devicesacross the IoT network.


Infrastructure services

The term “infrastructure service” is usedThe term infrastructure service is usedreferring to an IoT service run by thegovernance or managing body of the IoTgovernance or managing body of the IoT,providing smart objects critical informationfor the operation of the IoT itself.Examples:Examples:

• Resource identification

R ti /h d f di d i• Routing/handover for nomadic devices

• Security infrastructure


Service architecture ‐ today

sel

BusinessLogic/A

rt by Tiago Hois

Storageuser

Gateway



BusinessLogic/

StorageStorage

Art by Tiago Hoisel

22‐23/09/09 53

userStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects

Service architecture – One step farther

• Objects autonomously gather data from known

• Objects have given tasks

Internet of Things(v0.5)

gsources in order to accomplish their tasks

• Existing communication

Gateway

ginfrastructure

user node

• Requests sent directly to pertinent smart object

• Next step: autonomous identification of needed resources thanks to infra

22‐23/09/09 54

resources thanks to infra services

Strategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects



IoT Services

• Remote control – (environment, hazardous or restricted areas, remote service portability)

• Complex decisions – (before raising an• Complex decisions – (before raising an intrusion alarm, check if there were

h k )earthquakes)

• Distributed medical or leisure apps.Distributed medical or leisure apps.

• Remote service access – e.g. a car updating the National Traffic Service with info on the current highway

22‐23/09/09 56

on the current highwayStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the future integrating communicating objects

Service architecture – two steps further

• If the Edge or CoreIf the Edge or Core areas could not be reached

• Service Discovery: Each networkService Discovery: Each network should provide an IoT service for the identification of available services in that ((W)PAN) networkthat ((W)PAN) network

• Devices in the network should work on, providing their IoT services on a local basis



IoT peripheral services ‐ Examples

New “web”‐services for new networks

(Aka “Why should the network work on?”)• Network Storage not all devices will have storage• Network Storage – not all devices will have storage

capabilities; moreover, network storage in decentralized networks should be redundantnetworks should be redundant.

• Environment control – only needs local data

• Service portability – e.g. SMS/social network messages between computer and mobile


Pervasiveness and service architecture

Wireless networkingg

Nomadic, Morphologically dynamic and h kmesh networks

Greater use of Personal and Body areaGreater use of Personal and Body area Networks

Body Area Network d ≈ 1m

Personal Area Network d ≈ 10m

Local Area Network(d is the typical connection distance )

d ≈ 100m



Pervasiveness and service architecture

Body Area Network d ≈ 1m



When choosing a protocol, remember that

…



Issues and enablers(what hinders and what

promotes the advent of IoT)promotes the advent of IoT)


Issues

Different kind of issues:

• Technological

• Standards

• Legislation and governanceLegislation and governance

• Social

• Cost


Technological Issues

Technological issues are mainly related to HW

• Autonomy – Smart objects will need to be as autonomous as possibleas autonomous as possible

• Battery capacity – the most direct way to improve autonomy

• Processing RX and TX power‐efficiency –Processing, RX and TX power efficiencythe most effective way to improve autonomyautonomy


Technological Issues (2)

• Transmission rates – larger bandwidth paves th f ki d f i ( i llthe way for new kinds of services (especially multimedia)

• RX and TX power‐efficiency – even now, there are high data‐rate transmissionthere are high data rate transmission solutions, but they are too power consuming

ffi i i l bl• Spectrum efficiency – wireless connectable devices will populate future environment much more densely, but the radio spectrum is a limited resource: optimization is needed


is a limited resource: optimization is needed


• Processing power‐efficiency

• Low‐power processing – general‐purposeprocessing capabilities is what (together withthe capability of fetching data form the rightsources) is what will make objects smartsources) is what will make objects smart

• Low‐power cryptographic hardware –i i l i lsecurity implementation employ

computationally intensive cryptographicoperations; hardware implementation greatlyreduces power consumption


reduces power consumption


• Information explosion – will the infrastructuresi t t th i f d t ll ti dresist to the increase of data collection and

transfer

Increment ratios (under current drivers):

• Magnetic storage: <2times/yr (Kryder’s law)• Magnetic storage: <2times/yr (Kryder s law)

• Transistor density: ~2times/yr (Moor’s law)

What is going to happen if IoT will become aprominent driver?prominent driver?


Standardization Issues

Standardization is needed for the IoT

• Communication standards• Services (already discussed)• Services – (already discussed)

• HW communication solutions:

“The only way to achieve [low cost solutions]i hi l i i l iis to agree common architectural principles inglobal cooperation and based on these createthe open standards needed to guaranteeglobal interoperability.” Excerpt from Future Internet 2020


g oba te ope ab ty Excerpt from Future Internet 2020,VISIONS OF AN INDUSTRY EXPERT GROUP

Legislation and Governance Issues

• Lack of legislation and lack of harmoni‐b d ff lzation between different regulations

• Need for a comprehensive privacy• Need for a comprehensive privacyregulation and enforcement framework

• Regulation of Intellectual Property oncollected data in open environments (iscollected data in open environments (isit property of the environment’s owner,the sensor owner’s, of service provider,)


…)

Future issues

• Mobility: this means that the short rangecommunication interface of nomadic deviceswill need to switch through different (andwill need to switch through different (andunknown) networks that will be providinggating services in order to maintain agating services in order to maintain aconnection to the core area of IoT (e.g. a CA).



Future issues

• Service mobility: future services should takeadvantage of the enlarged Personal Digital Space

• More solutions to provide the same service =p

• = more devices on which to run same service

• User able to choose the device for a service• User able to choose the device for a service

• User able to move a service from one device toh ianother in a secure way

• If scalability of the service is needed,transparency is paramount for service success


Future issues: policy could be the key

• Devices will be able to provide multiple kind of i d i i h h iservices and interact with the environment

and/or be part of it.

• Critical services will need different security levels and different access rightslevels and different access rights

• Private owners could need exclusivity or share only some services


Future issues: policy could be the key

• Providers will want to provide given services l ( i ) f ( h ionly to some (categories) of users (e.g. their

clients)

• New kinds of interaction between Service Providers Users and (new types of)Providers, Users and (new types of)Connection Providers need new regulation

• Should provide some services even when not connected to the core of IoT (without or (with weaker authentication)

P i /S it li i22‐23/09/09 73

Priv/Security policiesStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the

future integrating communicating objects

Social Issues

IoT will have a great impact on societyIoT will have a great impact on society

• Not all segments of society will benefitin the same way from the IoT features

• Cultural background will influence how• Cultural background will influence howpeople will view and exploit IoT

• Social Networking will becomebi it d t l iubiquitous and extremely pervasive


Some thoughts about the future scenario

• Users will need to be in control of 1. Their privacy

2 The security of their devices2. The security of their devices

• The final goal should see smart objects able to transparently manage the interaction with the environment and other devices by using user‐y gdefined policies

F thi t d d d b t i f t t• For this standards and a robust infrastructure of core services are needed GOVERNANCE


Some thoughts about the future scenario

• Design for security. The infrastructure andi d i f idi dcore services design for providing a secure and

usable IoT is paramount.

• Security through usability. Users should beable to understand and manage the securityable to understand and manage the securityand privacy features of their devices. The

h ld i thigovernance should supervise this process.

• Design and certification of security standards.g yStandardization is essential for limited devices.


Enablers for the IoT

• Semantics first and then ontologySemantics first, and then ontologywill enable the devices forming theIoT to become Smart Objects

• Miniaturization is closely related to• Miniaturization is closely related topervasiveness. Moreover, RFIDminiaturization could pave the wayintroducing to the digital currentlyintroducing to the digital currentlyinert objects



• New connection technologies– UWB:UWB:

• Low Power Consumption: Very Simple Architecture, One Bit ADC

• Low Cost: CMOS Implementation

Hi h L ti A N P l ~75 i 70 i (AWGN)• High Location Accuracy: Narrow Pulse , ~75cm in 70m region (AWGN)

– IEEE 802.15.3a/4a:• Respectively High‐Rate and LowRate WPAN• Respectively High‐Rate and LowRate WPAN

– IEEE 802.21: • “standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous p y g

network types”

– Flash OFDM (IEEE 802.20)



• New emerging solutions for reduced time tomarket• SunSPOT – Sun Small Programmable ObjectTechnology, JME programmable 802.15.4Technology, JME programmable 802.15.4implementation

• ArchRock off the shelf IPv6 based WPAN• ArchRock – off the shelf IPv6‐based WPANsolutions

if d i f l di b di h• Manifested interest of leading bodies, such asthe European Commission


Open and (yet) unpredictable issues

• How will service discovery actuallyk?work?

• Policies for Object management arePolicies for Object management areessential. How will these Smart Objectsb d d k?be secured and work?


Open and (yet) unpredictable issues

• Will the impact on privacy change ourf li i ?way of living?

• Will availability of new kind of servicesWill availability of new kind of serviceschange our way of living (in better)?

• How will the advent of the IoT impactand interact with the digital divide?and interact with the digital divide?

• Smart Objects vs Smart environment…What about optical ID?


Thank o !!Thank you!![whistleeee][ ]

Q&(maybe)A Use a WSN!Q ( y )

22‐23/09/09 82

Alexandru SerbanatiStrategic vision on IoT Key features and services of the

future integrating communicating objects

a.serbanati [a t] uniroma1.it