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Presentation by Stephen Plumb about National Instruments' Data Logging Machine Monitoring and Power Monitoring during a seminar at the Ecole National Superieure Polytechnique de Yaounde.
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Data Acquisition and Logging with NI CompactDAQ and LabVIEW
SignalExpress
Presented by Stephen PlumbBranch Manager NI South Africa
Seminar Overview
• Data Logging with National Instruments.• Machine Condition Monitoring.• Electrical Power Monitoring.• Structural Monitoring
Data-logging Application Elements
Data Logging Defined
•Using an electronic instrument to take measurements from sensors and storing them for future use
•Common measurements: temperature, pressure, current, velocity, strain, displacement, etc.
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Flexibility
Sim
plic
itySimplicity vs. Flexibility
PC-Based
Stand-alone
PC-Based Data Logger
Traditional Stand-alone Data Loggers
Processor
RAM
ROM
Display
PowerSupply
Hard Disk
What is PC-Based Data Logging?
PC-Based Data Logging Checklist
• Simple configuration and PC connectivity• Easy-to-use data-logging software• Real-time data transfer• Online analysis & processing capability• Ability to add channels or measurement types• Scalable solution for future application needs
EASY
POWERFUL
OPEN
Flexibility
Sim
plic
itySimplicity vs. Flexibility
Simple & Flexible
Stand-alone
PC-Based
• EASY: Configuration-based software & true plug-and-play hardware
• POWERFUL: Online analysis & high-speed data streaming
• OPEN: Modular I/O & scalable software
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
• Easily log and analyze measurements without programming
• Quickly set up and configure data logging systems with plug and play USB technology
• Connect to 250+ DAQ devices, 400+ instruments and 1,000s of sensors
NEW! LabVIEW SignalExpress
What is LabVIEW SignalExpress?
Configuration-based logging & analysis software
What is LabVIEW SignalExpress?
Interactive, step-by-step data acquisition & configuration
What is LabVIEW SignalExpress?
Always-on, customizable views display live data & analysis
What is LabVIEW SignalExpress?Open in Microsoft Excel & email results
Stream data to disk
True Plug & Play USB Connectivity
Built-in Signal Conditioning
Over 30 Hot-swappable Modules
Built-in Signal Conditioning for
Sensors
What is CompactDAQ?Stream Data at
Over 5 MS/s
Data in Three Clicks
• True plug & play USB• Automatic detection &
configuration of hardware• Focus on measurements and
tests vs. hardware/software setup• Reduced setup time
1
2
3
DEMO: LabVIEW SignalExpress
• Simple configuration and PC connectivity
• Easy-to-use data-logging software
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
Online & Historical Data Analysis
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
•Built-in Analysis Functions– Signal processing– Time domain measurements– Frequency domain measurements– Statistics– Digital comparison and conversion– Many more…
Set Alarms & Configure Events
•Set custom conditions to start and stop logging–Start/Stop at specific date and time–Start/Stop based on data
•Customize alarm/event actions–Display messages–Set analog levels–Set digital lines–Audible alerts
Create Customized Reports
•Reports show live view of data•Drag and drop graphs and indicators•Enter free form text•Send to printer•Export to HTML
DEMO: Analysis & Reporting
• Online analysis & processing capability
• Real-time data transfer
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
I/O Capabilities in LabVIEW SignalExpress
• Analog Input• Analog Output• Static I/O • Counters• Correlated DIO• Synchronize Plug-In Boards
NI CompactDAQ Chassis Backplane
High-Speed Parallel Signal
Streaming
USB STC-2 Timing and Triggering
Module Auto-Detection
and Control
National Instruments USB Technology
Increased Device Intelligence• Module auto-detection & control• Device contains element of driver
92119215
9263
92339237
DAQmx
947294819472
9215
Relays ADCData to PC at
1.8 MB/s (GPIB)<500 S/s
DMM-Based Systems
ADC
ADCADCADC
Over 5 MS/s Timing & Bus
Controller (USB-STC2)
Data to and from PC at 60 MB/s
(USB 2.0)
NI CompactDAQ
ADCADCADCADC
Simultaneous, Multi-ADC System
USB
Input
Buffer
PC
Processor
USB Bus
USB
USBController
Output
USB Multi-Stream with NI Signal Streaming Technology
DEMO: NI Signal Streaming
• Online analysis & processing capability
• Real-time data transfer
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
Breadth of Measurements: I/O Modules
• Over 30 I/O modules available• Up to 256 analog/digital mixed channel count• Custom channel count &sensor support per system with
4ch to 32ch modules available• Compatible with 1000’s of
sensors
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
Signal to Backplane Isolation barrier
Safety, noise immunity,common mode rejection
Built-in Signal ConditioningDirect connection to
industrial sensors and actuators
Available 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADC
DSA signals, TEDS enabled,built-in antialiasing filters
Guaranteed AccuracyNIST traceable calibration
Integrated DAQ, Signal Conditioning & Connectivity
Isolation for Improved Accuracy & Safety
• Avoid ground loops• Protect System and user • Measure small signals on
a large potential
Digital Isolation
NEW! Isolated Modules
• 24-bit, ch-ch isolated, 50kS/s/ch• 9229 = ±60 VDC• 9239 = ±10 VDC• Screw Terminals• Industry standard certifications
Broad Sensor Compatibility• Thermocouples• RTDs• Thermistors• Strain gauges• Photo sensors
• Potentiometers• Load Cells• Optical Encoders• Microphones• Accelerometers
• pH electrodes• Headmeters• Flowmeters• Pressure gauges• Many more…
• 24-bit 100S/s/ch• Ch-ch isolated• 11 measurement modes
– Thermocouple (with 1 CJC per channel)– RTD (3 and 4 wire)– Resistance– Current– Digital– Voltage up to ±60V– ¼, ½, and full bridge strain with built in
excitation up to 2.7V
NEW! Universal Module (9219)
Flexible & Scalable Data Logging•Scale your applications with automatic code generation•Add additional functionality
– Custom user interface– Decision making– Additional analysis
•Add new hardware
DEMO: Scalability
• Ability to add channels or measurement types
• Scalable solution for future application needs
EASY POWERFUL OPEN
Diversity of Data-Logging Applications
Benchtop Industrial In-Vehicle
Benchtop Instrumentation• Measurements
– Verify circuit prototypes– Characterize components– Troubleshooting circuits
• Requirements– Fast time to measurement– Direct connectivity & benchtop accessories– Small size (25 x 6 x 9cm)– Standard time and frequency domain analysis– Reporting
• High-Voltage Isolation • Integrated signal conditioning• NI-DAQmx built-in OPC Server• High-speed data transfer• Rack mount and panel mount
accessories
Industrial Data Acquisition and Control
Halliburton Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer
“The small size of NI CompactDAQ helped us minimize the footprint of the analyzer, and the modularity of the platform gives us the ability to incorporate additional measurement types for special deployment requirements.”- Rick Bradshaw, Technical Professional Leader, R&D
Halliburton
In-Vehicle Data Acquisition
• DC Power • Lightweight, portable • Measurement support for
– Suspension– Fuel system– Comfort control– Brakes– Many more…
Honda In-Vehicle Suspension Test
“This system will revolutionize in-vehicle data acquisition for us. With the CompactDAQ system, we effectively transform a myriad of wires and equipment into a smaller, cleaner, cheaper and more intuitive package."
- Mike Dickinson, Transmission Research Engineer, Honda R&D Americas
Summary
• Data Logging defined• LabVIEW SignalExpress & CompactDAQ
– Easy: Configuration-based software and plug & play hardware– Powerful: Online analysis and high-speed data streaming– Open: Modular hardware and scalable software
• Diversity of Applications
(reactive) (active)
Maintenance Strategies
Issues addressed by machine monitoring:• Safety• Uptime (reliability, equipment effectiveness)• Quality
Lead Time of Options – What to Monitor
Time
Conditions start to change
Vibrations Noise
Heat
Smoke
Emergency stop
3 month
2 weeks2 days
10 min
Mac
hine
con
ditio
n
Courtesy of FAG Industrial Services
Vibration Sources- Where to Monitor
Slot Frequency / EM related
Motor
Couplings
Gears
Journal (Fluid Film) Bearings
Blade Pass / Fluid Related
Rolling ElementBearings
AlignmentUnbalance
MechanicalResonances
Bent ShaftLoose Mechanical
Components
Typical Sensing Data – A real machineGas Turbine4 Accelerometer4 Bearing RTD1 Gas Generator Speed1 Power Turbine Speed1 Fuel Flow1 Ambient Temperature1 Compressor Discharge Pressure1 Compressor Discharge Temperature1 Exhaust Gas Temperature1 Power Turbine Exhaust Temperature1 Power Turbine Exhaust Pressure1 Air Mass Flow4 Lube Oil Level Temp, Pressure,Level
Compressor4 Radial Vibration Proximeter Probe2 Axial Positioner4 RTD1 Suction Pressure1 Discharge Pressure1 Flow1 Inlet Temperature1 Discharge Temperature
Gearbox8 Radial Vibration Proximeter Probe2 Axial Positioner6 Bearing RTD1 High Speed Keyphasor1 Low Speed Keyphasor1 Gearbox Accelerometer
Courtesy Dresser-Rand Corporation
Typical Spectrum Showing Basic Faults
0.0
001
0.0
01
0.0
1
misalignment
unbalance
bearing frequencies
Frequency (Hz)100 1000 10000 100000
Velo
city
(ip
s)
gear mesh frequencies
Courtesy of
NI Advantages: Advanced Measurements, Advanced Analysis
Who Uses Condition Monitoring?• Power Generation
– Turbines (Gas, Steam, Hydro, Wind)– Boilers, pumps, motor
• Oil, Gas, PetroChem– Pumps, Compressors, expanders,
motor, fans• Pipelines
– Compressor, Pumps, piping, motor• Paper
– Rolllers, Press, Printing, pulp refiner, motor, fans
• Water– Pumps, Compressor, motor
• Food & Pharmaceuticals– Mixer, Pumps, Blowers, Fans, vessel,
boiler, centrifuge• Marine Propulsion
– Turbochargers, Gearbox, Bearings, motor
• Metals and Mining– Kilns, crusher, pulverizer
• Semiconductor– HVAC, Electrical Power, motor
Who Can Use Machine Monitoring?
• Rotating Equipment Engineer• Maintenance (Superintendent, Technician, Mgr)• Machinery Engineer• Reliability Engineer• Facilities Engineer• HVAC Engineer• Manufacturing Manager
Nexjen Reactor Pump Vibration Monitor• Challenge
– Provide a combined system for 32 vibration channels in four machinery locations
• NI Tools– PXI-DSA, LabVIEW, – S&V Measurement Suite
• Results– Real-Time Monitoring– Historical Data – Transient Data– Alarming– Expands to Process Variables
Previous Hoover Dam Solution
• 400 Lbs.• Dedicated
Instruments• Weak PC Integration
vibDaq Solution• 20 Lbs.• Virtual Instruments• PC based solution• www.vibdaq.com
Polar Plot Tabular ListOrbit Plot
Waterfall Plot
Cascade Plot
Run-Up
USB Machine DiagnosticsPortable Machinery Test and Condition Monitoring
NI CompactDAQ
NI USB-9233
Standard Plug-and-play USB 2.0 Alias-free, simultaneous, 24-bit A/Ds Time waveform, spectrum, and order analysisNonstandard Price… 4-channel USB-9233 + NI Sound and Vibration Assistant < $3,600
Remote Monitoring Interface
Simple Web Interface Pemex Compressor AppBy Instituto de Investigationes Electric
Demo Sound and Vibration
Problems and Focus on Bearing
Varnishing - overheating due to metal to metal contact
Scoring of thrust bearings: shock loading contamination
Effects of Bearing Failure
Impeller – Contact with casing and diffuser vanes
Bent Diffuser Vanes
Bending failure of gear teeth- seized rotor
Machine Monitoring Benefits
NI CompactRIO is ideal for machine monitoring
Real-Time ControllerLabVIEW RT
Reconfigurable RIO ChassisLabVIEW FPGA
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
I/O
Mod
ule
CompactRIO Block Diagram
Ethernet RS-232
− C Series I/O Modules− Real-Time Controllers− RIO Backplanes
Connectivity ADCSignal Conditioning
Case Study: FAG Industrial Services (FIS) • FAG ProCheck - simple, intelligent, reliable
• FAG ProCheck is an intelligent online monitoring system of the latest generation that can measure, record and analyze data independently from other systems. Thanks to its very flexible configuration options, it can be used to monitor machines and components in nearly all industry sectors.
• Herzogenrath, April 16, 2007. In April 2007, FAG Industrial Services GmbH (F’IS) announced FAG ProCheck, a new powerful and flexible condition monitoring system for preventing unexpected production disruptions. The system stands alone in the marketplace by integrating the National Instruments CompactRIO hardware platform with the proven F’IS Administrator software to offer the right list of functions at an attractive price. “Because the system, based on CompactRIO, breaks so many of the previous boundaries for machine condition monitoring, we foresee it playing an important role in the future of the industry,” said Preston Johnson, NI Segment Manager, Sound and Vibration.
• http://www.fis-services.com/site/en
ISDN- phone
Satellite
Mobile phone
Internet
FIS Diagnosis-Center
Remote Service
Customer benefit:
• Automatic monitoring and early warning
• Recommendation for action by a trained analyst
Summary• National Instruments provides
– Machine Monitoring Solutions • Sound and Vibration Assistant, Partners
– OEM Components for Equipment Manufacturers– Measurement technology partner– Economies of scale
• Machine Monitoring – Saves time and money– Improves operational reliability
• Bring on the opps (MCM, POWER, STRUCT, NVH)
Machine and System OptimizationCase Studies
Case Study: Enginuity LLC• Leading supplier of emissions reduction
equipment in the oil and gas industry • Engineer and install advanced
combustion control technology for direct-injected, natural gas-fired industrial engines
• New controllers also monitor condition of engines
• Green Benefit:– Reduced over 22,000 tons of NOx
emissions with equipment tested and developed using NI technology
Testing New Controllers
• Large, older diesel engines are extremely expensive and unpredictable with how they will react to new controllers
• Retrofit technology must be tested and validated before being deployed on engines
• Enginuity used LabVIEW and PXI to simulate the engine inputs and outputs for their iFLEX engine monitoring and control system
Case Study: Nucor Steel Corporation
• One of the largest steel producers in the US, and the largest recycler
• Used LabVIEW and NI PACs to optimize their Marion, Ohio plant
• Implemented 3 automation systems to greatly increase efficiency and safety
• Green Benefits– Prevented the over-melting of scrap steel,
which wastes electricity, and requires re-heats due to poor quality
– Limits maximum power draw from city grid, avoiding costly penalties, and associated flicker and quality issues
Nucor Scale and Weighing System
• Accurately measures the amount of scrap steel to be melted in the furnace
• Calculates the exact amount of electricity needed to heat the steel
• Connects to existing machinery to communicate this information
• Monitors real-time power consumption from city grid
• Performs power quality analysis on measured data
• Connects to existing machinery to insure consumption does not exceed regulated limits
Nucor Power Monitoring Station
“Once you start monitoring something in an automation system, you know you can fix things”
- Dave Brandt Electrical Engineer
Enabling Technologies
• Power Monitoring• Power Quality Analysis• Connectivity to PLCs and Existing Systems
Power Quality Monitoring
What Is Power Quality?
• Power Quality– The quality of the Voltage & current that is being
supplied to any device• Requirements
– The waveform of the voltage and current should be as sinusoidal as possible
– Constant RMS/Frequency– There should be no transient features in the supply
Why Monitor Power?
• Machine fault detection• Eliminate monetary fines from power company• Manage generator/battery backups• Troubleshoot equipment
Power Chain
Generation DoorstopTransmission Distribution Machines
NI 9225
• CompactRIO and CompactDAQ• 3ch, 300V, 50kS/s, 24-bit• Same family as 9229/9239• Ch-Ch isolation
SensorsCurrent Transformers/Transducers• Waveform• RMS• AC/DC
Analysis of Electrical Power
• Harmonics • Voltage fluctuation
– Sag(or “dip”)– Swell
• Metering– Demand Side Management
• Power Factor
Voltage Sag
10% < RMS Voltage < 100%
Voltage Swell
110% < RMS Voltage
Voltage Interruption
RMS Voltage < 10%
Power TriangleRequire only V and I measurements
Reactive
Power [VAr]werApparentPo
alPowerPF
Re
(phi)
)cos(*Re IValPower
IVwerApparentPo *[VA]
[Watts]
PQ Events as categorized by
IEEE
Current Transformer
Competition
NI VAR/Alliance member National Instruments• Research Instruments• SBC
“Next Generation Power Meter”
• Ethernet and Internet connectivity• Open and standard communication protocol support• High-speed transient sampling• Statistical analysis for trending• Electronic notification of alarms• Memory for data storage• General Purpose User Interface
Frost & Sullivan: Power Quality Meters – Next Generation” Jan 9, 2007
NI Platform Advantages
Power Quality 3rd Party Recourses
• LEM sensors• CR Magnetics sensors• Elcom
Why Monitor Power?
• Power monitoring power can be important whether being consumed or generated– Protect expensive machines and equipment from failure
or excessive wear– Eliminate monetary fines from power company
• Poor power quality on your grid is subject to fines– Manage generator/battery backups– Troubleshoot equipment– Minimize energy waste
Why Monitor Power?
Power Quality Analysis
• Common analysis functions performed in power monitoring systems
• Defined by IEEE and derived from current and voltage waveform data– Harmonics/Frequency– Voltage fluctuation
• Sag• Swell• Interruption
– Metering• Demand Side Management
– Power Triangle
PQ Events as categorized by
IEEE
Harmonics/Frequency
Voltage Sag
10% < RMS Voltage < 90%
Voltage Swell
110% < RMS Voltage
Voltage Interruption
RMS Voltage < 10%
Power TriangleRequire only V and I measurements
Reactive
Power [VAr]werApparentPo
alPowerPF
Re
(phi)
)cos(*Re IValPower
IVwerApparentPo *[VA]
[Watts]
SensorsCurrent Transformers/Transducers
• Waveform• RMS• AC/DC• PF calculation with RS-
485 output• Industrially rated
Power Quality Summary
• Monitoring energy plays a key role in running an energy efficient machine, plant, or process
• Power quality can effect durability of equipment
• All power measurements stem from voltage and current waveform data
Structural Health Monitoring• Continuous monitoring of the condition of a structure using built-in or
autonomous sensory systems• Assess structural performance• Assess structural integrity following incident (earthquake)• Feedback loop in design (verify models, new materials, etc.)
The SHM Market in the U.S.•Aging infrastructure
– >590,000 bridges in U.S. (half were built before 1964)– 74,000 bridges are ‘structurally deficient’– American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) estimates that
it would take $9B/year for 20 years to eliminate bridge deficiencies
•Significant funding and research•Automated monitoring of infrastructure now readily available
Donghai Bridge - Structural Health Monitoring with PXI
Bridge Requirements• 20-mile long, operating
in harsh conditions• Long-term vibration
monitoring with low-maintenance
• High-level software to manage, analyze, and report on entire scale
Structural Health Monitoring of the Donghai Bridge with NI LabVIEW and PXI
Solution• 14 PXI systems
synchronized over GPS
• Continuous 24x7 operation for over 2-years
Rion-Antirion Bridge – Structural Monitoring
Bridge Requirements• 3 km bridge spanning the Corinth
Strait in Greece• Area of high seismic activity and
strong winds• High-channel, mixed sensor
measurements
Solution• Four PXI/SCXI systems• LabVIEW and LabVIEW Real-
Time• System integrator: Advitam,
subsidiary of Vinci Construction
Structural Health Monitoring of the Rion-Antirion Bridge
Beijing Olympic Venues - Seismic Monitoring and Research
• Continuously monitoring of seismic activity at the Beijing National Stadium and Aquatics Center– Structural model validation– Monitoring trigger events– Email notification
• NI LabVIEW and CompactRIO synchronized via GPS
. .
.Kinemetrics Seismic Sensors
cRIO
Vibration Monitoring of Meazza Stadium in Milan
Requirements• High-channel, distributed network
monitoring system• Structural evaluations, modal
analysis, static and dynamic measurements, and corrosion testing
Solution• 14 CompactRIO chassis with mixed
sensor connectivity• LabVIEW for flexibility and
advanced analysis Meazza Stadium Vibration Monitoring
Naini-Allahabad Bridge – Cable Stayed Bridge in India
• 500 monitored parameters– Strain (vibrating wire),
displacement, environment, GPS position
• 7 FieldPoint systems with LabVIEW RT
• Continuous monitoring – High speed burst mode when
threshold exceeded for vibration, wind, or GPS data
Smart Bridge ResearchTestbed – UCSD Powell Laboratory
HBM: Optical Technology for SHM
Optical Strain Gages
− Great number of optical SG per fiber− Light weight− Insensitive to electromagnetic interference− For use in potentially explosive atmospheres− Installation similar to electrical strain gages (SG)
Opto-electric Measurement Instrument
− Static: one to four channels, 1 to 5 S/s− Dynamic: one to four channels, 100 to 1000 S/s
Software
− catman® add-on module− Parallel recording of data from optical and conventional strain gage amplifiers− Real-time temperature compensation
Strain Measurements in SHM
Resistive Foil
Vibrating Wire
Fiber Optic
Measures voltage across changing resistance of foil
Measures change in frequency of light reflected
Measures change in resonant frequency of wire
NI 9237• 4-ch full/half-bridge inputs
– accessory for quarter-bridge• 50 kS/s• 100 dB dynamic range• Shunt cal, remote sense• Smart sensor (TEDS)
compatible
C Series Strain Measurements• 4 or 8 gauges per module, simultaneously sampled• Full, half, and quarter-bridge measurements• 24-bit resolution• ADC per channel, simultaneously sampled• Anti-aliasing filtering• NIST-traceable calibration
NI 9235, NI 9236 • 8-ch quarter-bridge inputs• 120Ω (9235) and 350Ω (9236)• 10kS/s per channel• 100 dB dynamic range
NI 9219• 4-ch universal inputs, including
quarter/half/full bridge inputs• 100 S/s • Smart sensor (TEDS)
compatible
Strain Measurements in SHM
Resistive Foil
Vibrating Wire
Fiber Optic
Measures voltage across changing resistance of foil
Measures change in frequency of light reflected
Measures change in resonant frequency of wire
Vibrating Wire Sensor Technology
• Frequency-based measurement and excitation of embedded steel wire under tension
• Compares to nominal resonant frequency• Surface mount on steel or concrete,
embedment in concrete or rebar• Typically 50 to 250 mm in length• Not intended for dynamic or rapidly changing
strain
Overview of Vibrating Wire
Surface of Component Being Tested
Hermetically Sealed Stainless Steel Body
Vibrating Steel Wire
Electromagnetic Coil Assembly- Excites and measures wire- Measures temp with thermistor
Sensor Cable
Mounting Block
3rd Party VW Signal Conditioners
• Amplification and signal conditioning for vibrating wire and thermistor
• Often 1 to 4 channel with easy expansion through multiplexer (16 or 32 channel)
• For use with pressure, load, strain, and temperature
Vibrating Wire Sensors
Pros• Immunity to noisy
environments• Frequency transmits well
over long distances• Stable over long periods
of time• Surface mount or embed
Cons• Long operation periods
delay reading• Not for dynamic
measurements
Fiber Optic Sensors
Λ
Grating Period
Input Light Reflected Light
Transmitted Light
λ
B
Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)
Strain changes the frequency of light reflected by the FBG
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Interface HW
Prime Photonics
HBM
Smart Fibres
Micron Optics
Micron Optics
Gavea Sensors
FiberSensing
FiberSensing
Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors
Pros• Multipoint in-line
measurement capability• Easy to integrate in hard
to reach areas• High sensitivity• Small / lightweight• Linear response
Cons• Sensitive to more than
one parameter• Cost of sensors• Require expensive
processing equipment
Distributed Measurement Synchronization
• Structural signals of interest are typically ≤10 Hz–cRIO, cDAQ, and PXI deliver synchronized solutions
• Two general classes of synchronization strategy:– Signal-Based
• Clocks and triggers physically connected between systems• Highest-precision synchronization
– Time-Based• System components have a common reference of what time it is• Events, Triggers and Clocks can be generated based on this time• Examples: NTP, IEEE 1588, and GPS
Comparing Synchronization Technologies
PXI Multichassis
NTP
GPS IEEE-1588
TCP/IP Messages
10-12 sec
On-chipPrecision
sec
10-3 sec
10-6 sec
10-9 sec
10-2m 100mProximity
101m 102m 103m 104m 105m Global<10-4m
Signal-Based
Time-Based
IRIG-B
Backplane
Distributed Synchronization Capabilities
10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz
0.1 deg
10 deg
1 deg
10 kHz1 Hz
Signal Bandwidth
Ch
-Ch
Ph
ase
Mis
mat
ch
CompactRIO
NTP
PXI
CompactRIO w/923x modules
Signal-Based
Time-Based
GPS IEEE-1588 Ethernet NTP Ethernet
CompactRIO
PXI
Structural Monitoring
• Plot represents conservative approximations• Many application-specific variables
Distributed Synchronization with CompactRIO
Signal-Based Synchronization• Share sample clock and start trigger• Similar approach: generate IRIG-B signal
and share time reference• For longer distances (> few meters),
transmit trigger (not high freq clock)• 9401/2 modules for timing signal I/O
– New: 9402 20MHz TTL with BNC (Mar ‘08)
Synchronization via GPS• GPS receiver – external or C Series• Two signaling options
– Pulse-per-second (PPS) to DIO module (9401/2), accompanied with serial read of absolute time
– IRIG-B signal to DIO module (9401/2)
• 9401/2 modules for connection to GPS receiver
External GPS
Receiver
FPGART
940x
92xx
92xx
92xx
FPGART
940x
92xx
92xx
92xx
FPGART
940x
92xx
92xx
92xx
FPGART
940x
GPS
92xx
92xx
Clock/trigger signal(or IRIG-B)
PPS (or IRIG-B) S.E.A. Module
New: C Series High-Speed DIO for Timing/Triggering
NI 9402• 4 channel DIO with BNC • 3.3V TTL; 5V input tolerant • 2 mA/line current drive• Propagation delay < 20 ns
– for comparison, 9401 delay = 100 ns• Line configurable direction control • 20MHz target (w/ 3 m cable)
– Longer cables with lower frequency or trigger pulses
• cRIO and cDAQ• Shipping target: Mar/Apr 2008