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Justin C. Ruiz, CGCSThe Rim Golf ClubPayson, Arizona
Integrated Plant ManagementAnticipating Problems
Being Creative
Integrated Plant ManagementDefined
“IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and
environmental risks.”Reference: http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/ndipm/ipmdefinition.htm
Presentation Outline
• Growing Degree Day Calculation• Billbug Control
– Degree Day Model– Scouting– Chemical Application
• Poa Control– Degree Day Model– Plant Phenology– Chemical Application
Growing Degree Day
“The number of degrees the average temperature is above a baseline temperature. Used to predict insect and plant development.”
Base Temperature
“The temperature at which insect/plant development occurs.”
Calculating Growing Degree Days (GDD)
Tmax +TminGDD = ____
2 -Tbase
Tmax = Daily HighTmin = Daily LowTbase = 50 degrees
•Sine Wave Method is more accurate. You can find calculators on the web.
Integrated Plant ManagementBillbug Control
Bluegrass Billbug Adult
www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/bgbill.html
Billbug Control• Degree Day Model
Degree Day Model• Adults become active
280-352 GDD• Last effective adult contact control
560-624 GDD• Larvae control is effective
925-1035 GDD• Significant visual damage occurs
1330-1485 GDD
Billbug Damage
Billbug Control• Degree Day Model• Scouting/Trapping
Billbug Scouting
• Using pitfall traps• Observing cart paths and greens• Clippings in mower buckets
Billbug Trap DataBiilbug Trapping vs. GDD
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
March
April
May
June
0
5
10
15
20
25
GDD
Billbugs
Chlorpyrifos Application made April 24th
Chemical Application
• 4/24/08 Chlorpyrifos (1oz/M)–Ring around perimeter of golf course
• Target adult billbugs• GDD aprox. 502
• 5/12/08 Clothianidin (12.8oz/A)–All short cut and South facing slopes
in rough• Target billbug larvae• GDD aprox. 799*
* Application made a few days early in preparation for a tournament
When to Spray What
• Adult Control • Contact insecticide (350-600GDD)
» Compare with trap data
• Larvae Control• Systemic insecticide (925-1035GDD)
Biological Control
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes –Steinernema carpocapsae
• Endophytic grasses
Infecting Nematodes
www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/pests/e1229w.htm
www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/blackwell.html
Endophyte Mycelium
Integrated Plant ManagementPoa annua Control
Poa annua Anticipation
• Degree Day Modeling• Plant Phenology
Degree Day Model
• Seed head regulation 400-500 GDD• Majority of seed head production
900-1400 GDD
Reference: Fenner, M, 1985. Seed Ecology, Chapman & Hall, London.
Poa annua
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Poa_annua.jpeg
Poa annua Anticipation
• Plant Phenology
Plant Phenology
• Poa seedhead production occurs when Forsythia starts to bloom
Oregon State University Horticulture Department
When to Spray What
• Seedhead Regulation• 400-500GDD
• Growth Regulation• Label interval once growth begins
• Herbicides• Two application in Fall 4 weeks apart
Biological Control
• Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae• Bacteria to attack post emerged plants
