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Neith Little Urban Agriculture Educator University of Maryland Extension, Baltimore City Includes slides adapted from presentation by Luke Gustafson, Master Gardener Coordinator INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT · 2018. 4. 12. · Integrated weed management • Understand the plant • Weed life strategies • Weed seed bank • Weed ID • Understand weed management

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  • Neith LittleUrban Agriculture Educator

    University of Maryland Extension, Baltimore CityIncludes slides adapted from presentation by Luke

    Gustafson, Master Gardener Coordinator

    INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • What is a weed?

    Pragmatic definition: A plant out of place

    Image credit: University of Nebraska Extension

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • What is a weed?

    Ecological definition:

    A species with “weedy” characteristics

    Image credit: University of Illinois

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • 1. Identify the plant

    •Why bother? • Understand the plant

    •Learn the weeds in your area

    •Learn ID vocabulary• (opposite vs. alternate leaves,

    etc.)

    •Do not trust color•Books:

    • p. 41 of your handbook• Weeds of the Northeast, by

    Uva, Neal, and DiTomaso• Weeds of the South, by Bryson

    and DeFeliceImage credits: Amazon.com

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Leaf Arrangements

    Opposite Alternate Whorled Basal

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Simple Leaves

    Entire Lobed Toothed

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Simple Leaves

    Internode

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Compound Leaves

    Pinnate

    Even Pinnate

    Odd Pinnate

    Twice Pinnate or Bipinnate

    LeafLeaf

    Bud

    Bud

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Palmate

    Compound Leaves

    Palmate Trifoliate

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Other terms

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Dicot / broadleafMonocot / “grass”

  • Other terms

    OchreaImage credit: Missouri State University

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Other terms

    Auricle

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Ligules

  • Other terms

    Auricle

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Ligules

  • 2. Understand the weed

    Image credits: University of Minnesota, The Ohio State University University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Weed seed bank

    Weed seeds can be dormant in soil for years• Goal: “draw down”

    seed bank

    • Germination stimulated by light, water, nutrients (“disturbance”)

    Image credit: Oregon State University Seed Lab

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Dispersal

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Let’s practice

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Let’s practice

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    • Cotyledon shape is• linear or “strap-like”

    • First true leaf arrangement is

    • Alternate• True leaf shape is

    • Entire

    • Pigweed, Amaranthusspp.

    Image credit: Peter Smith, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs

  • Pigweeds, Amaranthus spp.

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Image credit: Peter Smith, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs

    Image credit: University of Illinois

    • Heat-loving annual

    • Grows fast• Produces a LOT

    of seeds

  • Let’s practice

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    • Stem is• round

    • Auricles are• Absent

    • Ligule is• ENORMOUS, and

    membranous

    • Wild oat, Avena fatua

    Image credit: Government of Manitoba

  • Pigweeds, Amaranthus spp.

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Image credit: University of Illinois

    • Wild oat, Avenafatua

    • annual• Gyroscopic awns Image credit:

    Government of Manitoba

  • Integrated weed management•Understand the plant

    • Weed life strategies• Weed seed bank• Weed ID

    •Understand weed management tools and build them in at multiple stages• The “many little hammers” of IPM

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Management strategies

    •Identify and understand the plant, control if necessary

    •No silver bullets, just many little hammers

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Image credit: Oregon State University Seed Lab

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Physical barriers

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lx6WXjnO24Y

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Photo by David Cappaert

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • • Some exploit disturbed habitat then decline over time

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Photo from bugwood.org

  • University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Japanese barberry(Berberis thunbergii )

    • From Japan

    • Grows in difficult soils

    • Sun to full shade

    • Colorful leaves remain into late season

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Japanese barberry(Berberis thunbergii )• Invades woodlands

    • Spiny!

    • Spreads by seed

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

  • Integrated weed management•Understand the plant

    • Weed life strategies• Weed seed bank• Weed ID

    •Understand weed management tools and build them in at multiple stages• The “many little hammers” of IPM

    University of Maryland Extension programs are equal access

    Integrated Weed ManagementWhat is a weed?What is a weed?Why control weeds?Weed Control Steps1. Identify the plantLeaf ArrangementsSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 152. Understand the weedWeed seed bankDispersalLet’s practiceLet’s practicePigweeds, Amaranthus spp.Let’s practicePigweeds, Amaranthus spp.Integrated weed managementManagement strategiesCulturalCulturalCulturalCulturalPhysical barriersMechanicalBiological ChemicalA little about invasive speciesInvasive SpeciesHow do invasives arrive?Cost of InvasivesWhy do species become invasive? Human influencesDisturbanceInvasive PlantsJapanese barberry�(Berberis thunbergii )Japanese barberry�(Berberis thunbergii )Integrated weed management