from open source to open research
glyn moody
once in a lifetime?
global society is passing through a major transition
transition from analogue to digital
*not* once in a lifetime
once in a *civilisation*
analogue innovation
traditional innovation in an analogue (pre-Web)
worldcentralised
top-down
collaboration hard
not scalable
*closed* innovation
what does open/digital innovation look like?
GNU/Linux
GNU (1984 Richard Stallman): a free version of the leading Unix
operating system
Linux (1991 Linus Torvalds): operating system kernel
key inflection was August 1991, when Torvalds opened up his
Linux project using the Internet
open innovation
decentralisedanyone, anywhere, could join in
bottom-uppeople fed suggestions, problems and solutions to
Linus
collaboration easyInternet was more affordable
scalableno formal training required everything is out in the
open
Linus' Law
Eric Raymond: given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow
adding more people to a project increases the probability that
someones approach will match the problem in such a way that the
solution is obvious (shallow) to that person
power of open innovation derives from its openness to all
fruits of open innovation
91% of top 500 supercomputers run Linux 0.2% run Microsoft
Windows
Google runs its services on millions of servers running Linuxso
does Facebook, Twitter etc.
Android mobile phone system runs on Linux200,000,000 handsets
activated
launched November 2007
open access
scientific method based on sharing knowledge originated 17th
century
undermined in later 20th centuryUS Bayh-Dole Act (1980)
scientific publishing
open access free online access to researcharXiv.org - 713,177
e-prints (1991)
Public Library of Science (2001)
open access potential
increases citations of research articles
increases likelihood of others building on work
allows new discovery through text and data mining
allows schools to explore latest research
allows public to use what they have paid for
open data - HGP
Human Genome Projectstarted 1991, budget of $3.8 billion
first "complete" human genome published 2001
first and biggest open data project
Bermuda Agreement (1996)all human genomic data placed in public
domain immediately, no restrictions
open data potential
Human Genome Projectcost: $3.8 billion
benefit: $796 billion economic impact, created 310,000 jobs
new ecosystem of open data companies, like open source
mashups - business, educational, general use
allows public to benefit from what they have paid for
open research
not just about opening up results and data, but the *process*
too
Galaxy ZooJuly 2007
there are too many galaxy images for experts: 10,000,000
anyone can help classify
250,000 people taken *active* part in "citizen science"
open research potential
citizen science has big benefits for education and public: true
democratisation of research
another key part of 21st-century research process is use of
computers: need to open that too
as well as results and data, release all research software
produced as open source
allows researchers to check, and everyone to use
from open source to open research
[email protected]
@glynmoody on Twitter/identi.ca
opendotdotdot.blogspot.com
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