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Bert De Bievre, Miguel Saravia, Luis AcostaChiang Mai, september 2011
Drivers in the Andes
Relevant conditions in Andes
Important drivers in Andes
Important drivers in Andes (1)
Urbanization: drastic increase in urban population, rural population more or less stable. Causes geographical concentration of water demand
Source: Presentation “Water Management and Climate Change”, by Axel Dourojeanni, Lima 2010.
Source: Estrategia Andina para GIRH, CAN 2010.
Important drivers in Andes (2)
Free trade agreements boost agroindustry for export, but large differences between countries
Important drivers in Andes (3)Land degradation: loss of regulation capacity in mountain catchments
Source: Wouter Buytaert, 2010.
Proyecto Cerro Negro
Proyecto Maqui Maqui
Proyecto La Quinua
Proyecto CarachugoÌ
Ì Ì
Ì
Ì
Proyecto Yanacocha Norte
ÌProyecto Yanacocha Sur
Cajamarca
#
Ubicación antiguaLaguna Yanacocha
Coordenadas Proyección UTMDatum: Psad 56
LAGUNA YANACOCHA
ANTES DE LAS OPERACIONES MINERAS (1992)
UBICACIÓN (Composit 1999)
AHORA (2006)
N
Important drivers in Andes (3)
Important drivers in Andes (3)
Important drivers in Andes (4)
Climate change: vertical altitudinal moves certain, everything else very uncertain
Important drivers in Andes (4)
Climate change: vertical altitudinal moves certain, everything else very uncertain
GCr Par PnH PnX BMs BMsd Arb PrP
Región A1B.1039
Are
aK
m2
-10
00
10
02
00
30
0
PérdidaEstableGanancia
GCr Par PnH PnX BMs BMsd Arb PrP
Región A1B.4069
Are
aK
m2
-10
00
10
02
00
30
04
00 Pérdida
EstableGanancia
Projected changes in ecosystems area: the higher ecosystems only loose, the lower ones loose and gain (Cuesta et al., 2010)
Highlighting some Responses
in Andes
Responses (1)
Urbanization: focus on catchments supplying water to large cities (e.g. water funds), campaigning for reduction of demand, large infrastructure to bring in water from further away.
Responses (2)
Agroindustry: Interest for catchment, very recent (!), especially Peru
Example: Design of PES in Rio Cañete basin
Responses (3)
Land degradation: conservation of critical ecosystems (paramo, puna wetlands), in lower areas little response
Responses (4)
Climate change: adaptation actions
Whole lot of projects, governmental at national and local scale, and non-governmental
Nothing really new: Integrated Water Resources Management Integrated Catchment Management Typically reforestation with low positive hydrological impact or
even negative impact
Responses (5)
From Payment for Environmental Services to Benefit Sharing: Inventory shows that few cases in Andes
meet criteria to be Payment for Environmental Services
Large variety of Benefit Sharing MechanismsStrong resistance to PES in countries like
Ecuador and Bolivia, now almost forbidden by law
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