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Presentation given at the Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Conference in Washington, DC on 16 April 2010. Discusses the relationship between GIS 2.0 and a conceptual model of the disaster cycle. The goal of which is to help guide the design process of a web-enabled humanitarian knowledge management system.
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METHODS AND APPLICATIONS IN ADDRESSING INFORMATION NEEDS IN HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES
Association of American Geographers Conference 16 April 2010 – Washington DC
GIS 2.0, the Disaster Cycle, and Implications for
Humanitarian Knowledge Management
Joshua S. CampbellHumanitarian Information Unit
University of Kansas
Session Goal
During humanitarian emergencies, there is a need for different levels of information depending on the type and intensity of the emergency
As the emergency develops, information needs change from recovery to restoration 1-3 days: immediate description 10 days: contextualization Long-term: trends, models, managing, rebuilding
Questions…
How does the disaster cycle impact the type of geospatial information and analysis needed?
How do we utilize new geospatial toolkits, the Internet, and mobile technology?
How do we leverage existing work?
Where we are
Existing WebGIS best suited for contextual understanding and scenario/trend analysis
Citizens as Sensors: Mobile phones and SMS
Collaborative Mapping: Open Street Map
Optimum system combines all three
System Design
Get the right information in the right format at the right time
Geospatial data & robust cyberinfrastructure
Leverages previous work
NeoGeography
Began as an expression of Web 2.0 applied to maps AJAX, JavaScript APIs, RSS Craigslist mashup / Chicago Crime Maps *
Democratization of geographic tools
Web Developers discovered Geography…
What about Geographers harnessing the Web?
What is Web 2.0?
“a transformative force that’s compelling
companies across all industries towards a new way of doing business characterized by harnessing collective intelligence, openness, and network effects”
--Tim O’Reilly
What is a GIS?
A digital representation of the earth, structured to support analysis (Dobson, 2007)
Automated systems for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data (Clarke, 1995)
Should also include dissemination
Composed on software, hardware, and people
GIS 2.0: A Reformulation
Free and Open Source Software
Web 2.0 philosophy collective intelligence, network effects, openness Internet as a platform
Open Standards Interoperability
GIS 2.0: A Reformulation
Ubiquitous communication Widespread wired and wireless networks (voice and
data)
Device convergence Mobile devices increasing in power and functionality Phone, camera, GPS, form-based database input,
cellular, wifi
Cloud computing SaaS, PaaS, IaaS Network-driven commoditization of IT
Figure 3, Kelmelis et al 2006
The Disaster Cycle
Warning / Evacuation & Response / Recovery
Need information quick
Get everyone on the same page High resolution imagery ‘Common Operating Picture’
Harness volunteers and mobile technology
Open Street Map – Haiti Edits Video
http://vimeo.com/9182869
The Disaster Cycle
Reconstruction / Rehabilitation
Begin building larger datasets Cadastre, elevation, hydro
Focus on logistics, program oversight, monitoring
The Disaster Cycle
Redevelopment / Sustainable Development
Modeling of future hazards
Filling data gaps from recent disaster
Modeling potential economic development
Unifying Data Streams / Approaches
We need to build WebGIS that combine the best of these two worlds?
User Centered Design, clean interfaces, high levels of participation / low barrier to entry
Large data processing, terrain and image processing, statistical modeling, demographic analysis
Recommendations
Datasets prepacked and ready to go Understand data licenses
Preprocess hazard risks (floods, earthquakes,…)
Analytical products as web services
Humanitarian Data Model / Ontology
Thanks!
Email: [email protected]
Blog: http://disruptivegeo.com
Twitter: disruptivegeo
Slideshare: jscampbell1
