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The Degrees of Freedom Provided by Modern Methods to Tune CCT and LED WavelengthsWojtek CieplikLED Engin
5th International LED professional Symposium +ExpoLpS 2015 | Sept 22-24, 2015 | Bregenz
Paradigm shift in the lighting industryHuman Centric LightingSmart LightingA smart light engine for human centric lighting designFuture challenges
Outline
Was L&B 2014 a turning point?
it appears that way
Was L&B 2014 a turning point?
it appears that way
Was L&B 2014 a turning point?
it appears that way
Was L&B 2014 a turning point?
it appears that way
Fundamentals of life
as long as we are on earth, some things remain unchanged
MONEY SEXPOWER
AND…
NATURAL LIGHT
Fundamentals of life
as long as we are on earth, some things remain unchanged
to mimic natural light and (or)…
The challenge for the artificial light
Colour sensitive cones = 64% are Red-sensitive, 32% Green and 2% Blue
Human eyes capture radiation through rods and cones and dissect it into 3 components
The challenge for the artificial light
…to make our eye respond to it that way
HCL
Promoting people’s
well-being
People’s concentration,
efficiency, safety
Healing processes
Still not in focus
Challenge for LED
technology
To become multibillion business
Human Centric Lighting = focus on user
0123456789
10Dynamic CCT
Colour rendering
Colourconsistency
# of colours
Beam angle
Frequency
DriverLumen output
Control protocol
Smart (sensorics)
Form factor
System costs
Simplicity
HCL (general) Museum Retail
Focus on user Focus on quality
quality depends on the application
0123456789
10Dynamic CCT
Colour rendering
Colourconsistency
# of colours
Beam angle
Frequency
DriverLumen output
Control protocol
Smart (sensorics)
Form factor
System costs
Simplicity
HCL (general) Museum Retail
Focus on user Focus on quality
quality depends on the application
Smart lighting demands system approach
all the elements needed maximize user experience
Hardware & software Human factor
Tunable white
User interface
Sensors for touch behaviour & activity
recognition
Light management system
Impact experienced by the users
light source & components
Integrated solutions
Light source Beam quality colour qualityStability
Shadow quality
Directional/non-directional
Array of emitters(low cost, mid power)
Poor colour mixing & tuning
CRI, R9Not so stable
Worst >60⁰, non-directional more glare
COB Poor colour mixing & tuning, limited colour positions
CRI, R9, 2-channelsStable
Good 25~60⁰ reflectors/TIR lens, less glare
Single multi-die emitter
Superior in-source colour mixing, tuning, & optimized colour positions
CRI, R9, multi-wavelength spectrumVery stable
Best 10⁰~55⁰ TIR lensless glare
Choosing optimal light source
according to quality of the beam, colour and shadow
Choosing the optimal light source
according to shadow quality
Choosing optimal white light
following the sun
Choosing optimal white light
following the sun
colour characteristics of artificial sources vary
• White light of equal appearance can be created with different Spectral Power Distributions (SPDs)
• This chart shows the SPDs for four different light sources, all producing 2700K white light with a CRI > 80
Mimic sun: mission impossible?
PHOSPHOR-CONVERTED (Pc) LEDPhosphors convert blue or near-UV light from the LED into white light
COLOUR-MIXED LEDMixing the proper amount of light from red, green and blueLEDs yields white light
HYBRID METHOD LEDA hybrid approach uses both phosphor-converted anddiscrete monochromatic LEDs
Pc vs. RGB vs. hybrid
demands measures
• Colour space map with black body curve – Plank’s Law
• Colour space map with MacAdam’s Ellipses
Benchmarking artificial to natural light
• Fixed White: Blue-Yellow
• Fixed/Dynamic White: RGB
• Linear Dynamic White: CW-WW
• Hybrid Dynamic White: R-mG-CW
can there be only one?
Choosing optimal multi-colour set-up
tunable white light engine, here with 2 features
Hybrid R-mG-CW enables
CRI throughout the CCT range
R in hybrid R-mG-CW enhances
Beware!
limitations of existing colour metrics may be confusing
Source: www.ssl.energy.gov
Beware!
limitations of existing colour metrics may be confusing
Source: Smithsonian American Art Museum
Market needs colour quality!
limitations of existing colour metrics may be confusing
Source: Xicato
Calibration
is the key to colour consistency overtime and temperature
Colour consistency for 40 units <2 SDCM in Warm Dim mode
Colour consistency for 40 units <2 SDCM in CCT Tune mode
Warm dimming
brings the emotion and sense of nature
Software solution helps to overcome driver limitations
Noise- and flicker-free Increased no of steps per channel
Deep dimming (<1%) Variable frequency
Increase refresh period as level decrease. Effectively decrease relative min turn off time
Refresh interval randomization Provides better colour mixing
Are we there yet?
no!
Control protocol (0-10V, DMX, DALI, Zigbee, …) Driver (AC / DC, 24/48V, frequency, flicker) Firmware, software Heat management Complexity of the system but simplicity for the user (UX) Total system cost
variety of decisions to make when designing user-driven lighting system is significant
HCL
More continuous
SPD(mimic sun)
Freedom of wavelengths
(460-480nm, UV)
>3 individually addressable
channels
Increased CCT tuning
range (2700-6500K)
More beam angles
(narrower, wider)
HCL is defining LED product roadmaps
LZ7 platform 7x1mm2 dieson AlO (white) 7x7mm substrate
flat lens7 individually addressable coloursemitter-only or emitter-on-board
LED Engin’s roadmap
LZ7 platform 7x1mm2 dieson AlO (white) 7x7mm substrate
flat lens7 individually addressable coloursemitter-only or emitter-on-board
LED Engin’s roadmap
Designed primarily for versatile wash lights with zoom optics (ENTERTAINMENT)R-G-B-CW-A-C-UV
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Rela
tive
Spec
tral
Pow
er
Wavelength (nm)
Red Green Blue White Amber Cyan UV
LZ7 platform 7x1mm2 dieson AlO (white) 7x7mm substrate
flat lens7 individually addressable coloursemitter-only or emitter-on-board
LED Engin’s roadmap
Designed primarily for versatile wash lights with zoom optics (ENTERTAINMENT)R-G-B-CW-A-C-UV
A possible die design for HCL could be: R-mG-B(460-480nm)-CW-WW-UV-x
Will this be the next generation platform for HCL?
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350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Rela
tive
Spec
tral
Pow
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Wavelength (nm)
Red Green Blue White Amber Cyan UV
Human Centric Lighting will keep enabling crossover of technology, science & art
thank you
Back-up
Paradigm shift in lighting
according to value metrics
` Energy colour quality& stability
Glare(UGR)
Useful light& cost
UX
Energy efficiency(low & mid power emitters)
lm/W CRI, R9Not stable CCTMultiple shadows
Large LESGlare
lux/W lowlux/$ low
Not good
Warm dim/CCT tuning(single multi-die emitter)
lux/W CRI, R9, COAStable CCTNatural shadows
Small LES TIR/ReflectorLess glare
lux/W highlux/$ high
Good
Human centric/connectivity
Sensors, controls, VLC
Natural light like Not visible Very good
Development
of 3 channels is closer to natural light than CW-WW
Spectral power distribution (SPD)
Optics
soul of the dynamic white solution
TIR lenses enable many functions color mixing, also in direct beam define the beam (cut) define shadow quality prevent glare
Promoting people’s
well-being
Design
Materials / Haptics
Sound
Air quality & tempErgonomics
Proximity to nature
LIGHT
Well-being depends on…
Healing processes
Patients are
scared
Daylightis
important
Doctors are
people
Cost isn’teverything
Circadianrhythm
Use the best tech
Designing lighting for healthcare*
* Healthcare Lighting Forum, LuxReview2014 Vol 3, Issue 3
Calibration
is the key to colour consistency overtime
Calibration
is the key to colour consistency overtime
Δu’v’ = 0.007 EnergyStar limit
Calibration
is the key to colour consistency overtime
Δu’v’ = 0.007 EnergyStar limit
Calibration
is the key to colour consistency overtime
Background Dimming level and min switching time limited by driver hardware
100~ 200 steps are common per channel Limited per channel minimum to 0.5-1%
Different color ratio will limit the lowest dimming level to ~5%
Solution Enhance lowest dimming level via software Applying algorithms to achieve <1% deep dimming
0.5% deep dimming e-flickering-free and noise-free 20kHz refresh rate Lowest dimming level at timestamp 4:30
Software solution (<1%) Dithering
Turn on and off bit pattern to increase level of dimming Variable frequency
Increase refresh period as level decease. Effectively decease relative min turn off time
Refresh interval randomization Provide better color mixing Decease need of higher frequency
Dimming
Challenges for the industry
Will CRI prevail? Other solutions like GAI or CQS are available but still lack industry agreement
Warranty Industry finds it difficult to make a box of circuitry last five years (see cars, aircrafts)
Dimming compatibility wall dimmer vs. transformer vs. fixture
Blue light discussion It helps to stay alert but can damage retinas
Control protocols on debate Which protocol will be the way for the industry? DALI, DMX (-RDM), Zigbee, EnOcean, KNX, 0-10V, Bluetooth, custom/bespoke?
Low cost integrated solution In-package driver, no cables, connectors
THANK YOU
Wojtek CieplikRegional Sales Director
Lighting OEMs & SpecifiersLED Engin Inc.