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Volvo and Titanic are terms coined by my very own UPSR 2011 students. They tried to come up with some memory aid to help them remember some of the techniques of writing that I've taught them. V, or Volvo stands for Verbs, while Titanic stands for 'There is...' (TI) and 'There are...' (TA).
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PAPER 2
-ccj-skk2
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
PART 1: FORMULA VOLVO
STEP 1: DRAW THE ‘S-V-Wh’ DIAGRAM
Subject Verb Wh
STEP 2: Find the verbs.
carrying
holding
wrapping
weighing
chopping
buying
Subject Verb Wh
weighing
wrapping
carrying
holding
buying
chopping
STEP 3: Find the Subject.
womanman
fishmongerassistant
poultry hawker
Subject Verb Wh
weighing
wrapping
carrying
holding
buying
chopping
assistant
fishmonger
woman
woman
man
poultry hawker
STEP 4: Find the ‘Wh’.
carrying what?
holding what?
wrapping what?
weighing what?
chopping what?buying
what?
crabs cuttlefish
chickenbasketfishcrabs
Subject Verb Wh
weighing
wrapping
carrying
holding
buying
chopping
assistant
fishmonger
woman
woman
man
poultry hawker
crabs
fish
basket
cuttlefish
crabs
chickens
STEP 5: Write simple sentences.
• An assistant is weighing some crabs.• A fishmonger is wrapping some fish.• A woman is carrying a basket.• A woman is holding a cuttlefish.• A man is buying some crabs.• A poultry hawker is chopping a chicken.
STEP 6: Combine simple sentences to form compound sentences.
Simple sentence 1:A fishmonger is wrapping some fish.
Simple sentence 2:An assistant is weighing some crabs.
Compound sentence:A fishmonger is wrapping some fish and his assistant is weighing some crabs.
Simple sentence 1:A woman is carrying a basket.
Simple sentence 2:A woman is holding a cuttlefish.
Compound sentence:A woman is carrying a basket while holding a cuttlefish.
STEP 7: Write complex sentences with adjectives and adverbs
• The fishmonger who is wearing a hat is wrapping some fish with newspapers and his assistant who is smiling happily is weighing some crabs with a weighing scale.
• The woman who is wearing a headscarf is holding a cuttlefish while carrying a basket full of vegetables.
• The bald poultry seller is chopping a chicken at his stall which is next to the fish stall.
PRACTISE 1
STEP 1: Find the verbs.
playing
studying
napping cooking
STEP 2: Find the Subjects.
boy
younger brothers
father mother
STEP 3: Find the ‘Wh’.
computer games
at the coffee table
on the sofain the kitchen
STEP 4: Write simple sentences.
• A boy is playing computer games.• His two younger brothers are studying at the
coffee table.• His mother is cooking in the kitchen. • His father is napping on the sofa.
PRACTISE 2
PRACTISE 3
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
PART 2:FORMULA TITANIC
STEP 1: Draw the ‘TiTa’ diagramDiagram S
There is a singular noun
Wh
STEP 1: Draw the ‘TiTa’ diagramDiagram P
There are *numberseverala fewsome
singular noun
Wh
STEP 2: Find the nouns
fish
cuttlefish
crabs
weighing scalebasket
chickens
stalls
STEP 3: S or P?Diagram S
basket
weighing scale
Diagram PThere are *number
severala fewsome
plural nouns
Wh
crabs
fish
cuttlefish
chickens
stalls
STEP 4: Complete the diagramsThere is a singular
nounWh
There is a at the stalls.
There is a on the counter.
basket
weighing scale
There are *numberseverala fewsome
plural nouns
Wh
There are some at the fish stall.There are a few
There are severalThere are some at the
chicken stall.
There are two in the picture.
crabs
fish
cuttlefish
chickens
stalls
STEP 5: Write simple sentences
• There is a basket at the fish stall.• There is a weighing scale on the counter.• There are some crabs at the fish stall.• There are a few fish at the fish stall.• There are several chickens at the chicken stall.• There are two stalls in the picture.
STEP 6: Combine the simple sentences to make compound sentences.