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Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
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Energy Flow• Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun
• Energy flows through Ecosystems from producers to consumers– Producers (make food)–Consumers (use food by eating producers or other consumers)
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Producers
• Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth.
• Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the suncopyright cmassengale
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Autotrophs• An Autotroph is any organism that can produce its own food supply!
• Autotrophs are also called Producers
• Plants, algae, some protists, & some bacteria are examples
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Niche of a Producer
• Captures energy and transforms it into organic, stored energy for the use of living organisms.
• May be photoautotrophs using light energy (e.g. plants)
• May be chemoautotrophs using chemical energy (e.g. cyanobacteria)copyright cmassengale
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Photoautotroph
Producer That Captures Energy from the sun by:– Photosynthesis•Adds Oxygen to the atmosphere•Removes Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere
Algaecopyright cmassengale
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• On Land– Plants
• In The Sea–Algae
• Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes–Cyanobacteria
Habitat of Photoautotrophs
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Chemoautotrophs
• Capture energy from the bonds of inorganic molecules such as Hydrogen Sulfide
• Process is called Chemosynthesis
• Often occurs in deep sea vents or gut of animals
Called a Black smoker (thermal
vent)copyright cmassengale
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Tube Worms living in Black
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Consumers
Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain
energy. (e.g. animals)• Herbivores
–Eat Only Plants• Carnivores
–Eat Only Other Animalscopyright cmassengale
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Consumers
Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain energy.
• Omnivores (Humans)– Eat Plants & Animals
• Detritivores (Scavengers)– Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards)
• Decomposers– Fungi & Bacteria
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Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
from producers to various levels of consumers copyright cmassengale
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Feeding Relationships
• Food Chain–Simple Energy path through an ecosystem
• Food Web–More realistic path through an ecosystem made of many food chains
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Food Chain
Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food)
1st order Consumer
2nd Order Consumer
3rd Order consumer 4th Order
Consumer
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Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers in this food
chain:
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Food Web
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Trophic Levels
Each Level In A Food Chain or Food Web is a Trophic Level.
• Producers–Always The First Trophic Level–How Energy Enters The System
• Herbivores–Second Trophic Level
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Trophic Levels
• Carnivores/Omnivores–Make Up The Remaining Trophic Levels
Each level depends on the one below it for energy.
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Ecological Pyramids
Graphic Representations Of The Relative Amounts of Energy or Matter At Each Trophic Level
May be:Energy PyramidBiomass Pyramid
Pyramid of Numberscopyright cmassengale
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Energy Pyramid
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Biomass Pyramid
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Pyramid of Numbers
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