Technology in Action Overview of Chapter 7 & 9

By Harbakshish Singh

Fundamentals of Networking

A computer network has two or more computers

They are connected via software and

hardware

Any device connected to

network is called node

There are two categories of

networks (LANs and

WANs)

Advantages of NetworksShare an Internet

connection

Share printers and other peripheral

devices

Share files and communicate

with computers

Avoid file duplication and

corruptionLower cost licensing

Centralized Administration

Conserve Resources

Disadvantages of Networks

Viruses Hacking Network failure

Slow serviceCostExpert

support required

Ways to classify Networks

PAN (A personal area

network)

LAN (A local area network)

HAN (A home area network)

MAN (A metropolitan area network)

WAN (A wide area network)

What are LayersPhysical

Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Types of Layers and their use

Function of Layers

TCP/IP Model Consists of four layers

Link/Network Interface

Internet

Transport

Application

Example of TCP/IP

Types Home Networks

Ethernet networks are the most common networks used in home

networking.

Most Ethernet networks use a combination of wired and

wireless connections, depending on the data throughput required.

Wired connections usually achieve higher throughput than

wireless connections.

Wired Ethernet home networks use the gigabit Ethernet

standard.

Wireless Ethernet networks are identified by a protocol standard: 802.11 a/b/g/n.• 802.11n is the most current standard.

Connection-oriented vs. Connectionless Communication

• POP (Popular Post Office Protocol) used for sending email messages require email client and server verification

• VoIP (Voice over IP) used to make call without verifying first whether another device is there.

Example of Connection between e-mail client and server

Example of Connectionless communication

Components of Network

• A means of connecting the nodes on the net work (cables or wireless technology)• Special hardware devices that allow the

nodes to communicate with each other and to send data• Software that allows the network to run

Ways to Connect to Internet• Cable transmits data over coaxial cable that is also used

for cable television.• DSL uses twisted-pair wire, similar to that used for

telephones.• Fiber-optic cable uses glass or plastic strands to transmit

data via light signals.• Satellite is a connection option for those who do not

have access to faster broadband technologies. • WiFi allows users to connect to the Internet wire lessly

but is not as fast as a wired connection.• Mobile broadband is a 3G or 4G service delivered by

cell-phone networks.

Securing WirelessChange your

network name (SSID)

Disable SSID broadcast

Change the default password on your

router

Turn on security protocols

Create a passphrase

Implement media access control

Limit your signal range

Apply firmware upgrade

Some networking factsA network with computers acting as both clients and servers is a peer-to-peer

network

Ethernet is the standard

A hub repeats frames down every attached network

cable

A router connects LANs and directs packets to the

correct LAN

Connection-oriented communication requires the client and server to

acknowledge the transmission

Cybercrime and Identity TheftBy Harbakshish Singh

Cybercrime

The computer as a target- attacking the computers of others

The computer as a weapon- using a

computer to commit crime

The computer as an accessory- using

computer as a fancy filing cabinet to store

illegal or stolen information

Examples of Cybercrime

• Identity theft• Credit Card theft• Computer viruses• Illegal access of computer systems• Auction fraud

Example Cybercrime in current news

Six arrested in $45 million global cybercrime scheme

Worldwide ATM heist that stole $45 million from two

Middle East banks

The six arrested Monday were "cashers" in the scheme, withdrawing

approximately $2.8 million from more than 140 ATMs in

New York City

Cybercrime news article

Types of Viruses

Boot sector viruses

Logic bombs

and time bombs

Worms

Scripts and

macro viruses

E-mail viruses

Encryption viruses

What is social engineering, and how do I avoid falling prey to phishing?

Social engineering schemes use human interaction, deception, and trickery to fool people into revealing sensitive information such as credit card numbers and passwords.

Phishing schemes usually involve e-mails that direct the unwary to a website that appears to be legitimate, such as a bank site, but that is specifically designed to capture personal information for committing fraud. To avoid phishing scams, you should never reply directly to any e-mail asking you for personal information and never click on a link in an e-mail to go to a website.

Don't fall for scareware scams that attempt to frighten you by pretending there is something wrong with your computer.

Protect Physical Computer Assets

Computing devices should be kept in clean environments

You should protect all electronic devices from power surges by hooking them up through surge protectors

Mobile devices can be protected from theft by installing software that will (1) set off an alarm if the computer is moved; (2) help recover the computer, if stolen, by reporting the computer's whereabouts when it is connected to the Internet; and/or (3) allow you to lock or wipe the contents of the digital device remotely.

The EndPresentation By Harbakshish Singh