EXPECTANCY THEORY

BY:

PARTH RAJ

WHO CAME UP WITH IT ?

• THIS THEORY IS ABOUT CHOICE, IT EXPLAINS THE PROCESSES THAT AN INDIVIDUAL UNDERGOES TO MAKE CHOICES. IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR STUDY, EXPECTANCY THEORY IS A MOTIVATION THEORY FIRST PROPOSED BY VICTOR VROOM OF THE YALE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT.

INTRODUCTION

• MOTIVATION – FORCE THAT DRIVE A PERSON INTO ACTION

• THIS MODEL BASED UPON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE MAN IS A RATIONAL BEING & WILL TRY TO MAXIMIZE HIS PAY OFF

• CHOOSE THE ALTERNATIVE THAT GIVE THE MOST BENEFIT

• MOTIVATION TO WORK IS STRONGLY DETERMINED BY – INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION THAT A CERTAIN TYPE OF BEHAVIOR WILL LEAD TO CERTAIN TYPE OF OUTCOME AND HIS PERSONAL PREFERENCE FOR THE TYPE OF OUTCOME

OVERVIEW

KEY ELEMENTS:

Expectancy

•“Can I achieve the desired level of task performance?”

Instrumentality

•“What work outcomes will be received as a result of the performance?”

Valence•“How highly do I value work outcome?”

EXPECTANCY THEORY

• THE THEORY ASSUMES THAT BEHAVIOR RESULTS FROM CONSCIOUS CHOICES AMONG ALTERNATIVES WHOSE PURPOSE IS TO MAXIMIZE PLEASURE AND MINIMIZE PAIN.

• KEY ELEMENTS:

• VALENCE (V)

• INSTRUMENTALITY (I)

• EXPECTANCY (E)

VALENCE THE EMOTIONAL ORIENTATION PEOPLE HOLD WITH RESPECT TO OUTCOMES

(REWARDS).

VALUE VARIES FROM -1 TO +1.

-1 INDIVIDUAL PREFERS NOT ACCOMPLISH AN OUTCOME COMPARED WITH ACHIEVING IT.

0 INDIVIDUAL IS UNCONCERNED TO THE OUTCOME.

+1 INDIVIDUAL HAS THE STRONG PREFERENCE TO THE OUTCOME.

VALENCE MUST BE +1 FOR HIGHER MOTIVATION.

INSTRUMENTALITY

THE BELIEF THAT THE FIRST LEVEL OUTCOME WILL LEAD TO THE SECOND LEVEL OUTCOME.

VALUE VARIES FROM 0 TO 1.

HIGH INSTRUMENTALITY RATE EMPLOYEE SEES THAT PROMOTIONS ARE BASED ON PERFORMANCE.

LOW INSTRUMENTALITY WILL BE MADE IF THE EMPLOYEE FAILS TO SEE THE RELATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND REWARD.

EXPECTANCY THE BELIEF THAT AN EFFORT WILL LEAD TO

COMPLETION OF A TASK.

VALUE VARIES FROM 0 TO 1.

0 EMPLOYEE SEES NO POSSIBILITY THAT ANY EFFORT WILL LEAD TO THE DESIRED PERFORMANCE.

1 EMPLOYEE IS CONFIDENT THAT THE TASK WILL BE COMPLETED.

MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS OF EXPECTANCY THEORY

Valence Instrumentality Expectancy Motivation

According to Expectancy theory:

CONCLUSION

• THE EXPECTANCY THEORY OF VICTOR VROOM DEALS WITH MOTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT. IT ASSUMES THAT BEHAVIOR RESULT FROM CONSCIOUS CHOICES AMONG ALTERNATIVE WHOSE PURPOSE IT IS TO MAXIMIZE PLEASURE AND MINIMIZE PAIN.

• MOTIVATION TO WORK IS STRONGLY DETERMINED BY – INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION THAT A CERTAIN TYPE OF BEHAVIOR WILL LEAD TO CERTAIN TYPE OF OUTCOME AND HIS PERSONAL PREFERENCE FOR THE TYPE OF OUTCOME

THANK YOU