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Slides discussing how semantics empowers community participation. Presented at STI Innsbruck Summit at lake Garda, June 27, 2012. Credits to my present and past employers: STI Innsbruck, FTW, University of Surrey.
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www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2012 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at
Empowering user participation with converged semantic services
Dr. Anna Fensel
27 June, 2012; STI Innsbruck Summit
www.sti-innsbruck.at 2
Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 3
Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Motivation
Aims:• Enabling efficient participation vs. current social network silos and groups
– More possible roles for an individual – More roles at a time for an individual– More matching and satisfying roles for an individual
=> Motivation, added value and revenue increase
Technologically that means:• Benefiting from data and services reuse at the maximum• Enabling participators to establish added value new and converged
services on top of the data– commercially re-applying them across platforms
=>There is a need to „understand“ and interlink content and objects coming from heterogeneous numerous sources
Converged Semantic Services For Empowering Participation
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Motivation: From Heterogeneity to Convergence“Service Science is just ___<name your discipline>____”
OR/IEMS
CS/AIMultiagent Systems
Economics & LawGame Theory
MIS Anthropology& Psychology
OrganizationTheory
A ServiceSystem is Complex
ServiceOperationsMarketing
ManagementQuality
Supply ChainHuman Factors
DesignInnovation
EngineeringSystems
ComputingEconomics
ArtsScience
InformationScience
(i-schools)
GeneralSystemsTheory
www.sti-innsbruck.at
Positive Example from the Web: Open Graph Protocol
• Open Graph Protocol - enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.
• Developed and used by Facebook– e.g. external “Like button”
• Keywords: semantics (RDFa) and simplicity
• Can be referred as a “converged service”
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Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 8
Young People‘s Participation
• Psychology perspective:
„Child-Adult“
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Participation in Terms of Social Media
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90-9-1 Rule for Participation Inequality
• Web use follows a Zipf distribution• Also applicable to social media• Also to working groups?
• Is that wrong?– In some cases (e.g. inappropriate
match), yes.– In many cases (e.g.
dissemination effect), no.
Jakob Nielsen, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/participation_inequality.html
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Participation is Linked to Value
• Participation level relates to the value one gets from participation• Participation also has a value in itself
Lurkers‘ Perspective
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Participation is Linked to a Role
Äns - 1 person: gatherer or hunter
Zwo - 2 persons: gatherer and hunter?– Problem with the role choice starts from
the moment where there is a choice.
Having more persons implies:• fine-grained devision of labor and
service economy, • community as a regulator on which
roles are appropriate and which not, as well as their values.
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Impact of Roles/Relations and their Weights on Ontology Evolution Dynamics
• People and relations are inherently associated with / connected to / can be decomposed into concepts and properties.
– See also: Peter Mika, „Ontologies are Us: A Unified Model of Social Networks and Semantics”. International Semantic Web Conference 2005: 522-536.
• Changing the roles drive social, ontology and market evolution.• One of the important drive factors are the quantity of concepts/people
relating to another concept/person via a specific property (hub vs. stub), e.g. a property spouse is stronger than friend. Thus, the networks are self-restructuring depending on the roles and weights put on them.
– See also: Zhdanova, A.V., Predoiu, L., Pellegrini, T., Fensel, D. "A Social Networking Model of a Web Community". In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Social Communication, 22-26 January 2007, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, ISBN: 959-7174-08-1, pp. 537-541 (2007).
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Participation is Linked to a Role
• (Semantic) contentcreation, and thus,participation, is driven by a role
– „Role“ is a steadier
form of insentives
(as e.g. reputation vs.
yield management)
• Hence, in participation, people/companies are optimi-zing their roles by taking ones and drop-ping others
– Limited time and money
• Converged semantic services are to enable users performing in roles unavailable to them before & changing the roles faster when needed.
PICTURE FROM: Zhdanova, A.V., Shvaiko, P. "Community-Driven Ontology Matching". In Proceedings of the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC'2006), 11-14 June 2006, Budva, Montenegro, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 4011, pp. 34-49 (2006).
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Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 16
Communication Media Development
• Technology Development List• The printed newspaper (1436)• The 'Silent Pictures (1888)• Radio (1896)• Telephone (1876)• Silicon Chip (1896)• Cellphone (1973)• Digital Camera (1981)• PDA (1981)• The Internet (1983)• Email (1965)• Wikis (1995)• Facebook (2004)• Twitter (2006)
– BG Creative, A Brief History of Media Convergence: 4000 BC to 2009 AD, August 20, 2009
Communication technollgies are a medium to participation.
To communicate though does not automatically imply to particiapte.
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Convergence
• “Telecommunications convergence, network convergence or simply convergence are broad terms used to describe emerging telecommunications technologies, and network architecture used to migrate multiple communications services into a single network.[1] Specifically this involves the converging of previously distinct media such as telephony and data communications into common interfaces on single devices.”
– Wikipedia
• Convergent technologies/services include:– IP Multimedia Subsystem– Session Initiation Protocol– IPTV– Voice over IP– Voice call continuity– Digital video broadcasting - handheld
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Link to Value - Mobile Operators‘ Use Case - Business Potential of Openness and Collaboration
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Increasing Participation – From Static Social Network Silos to Pervasive Social Spaces
...where everyone benefits.
Semantic technologies
take you there.
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Semantics in One Slide
• Larger markets are to come• Linked Open Data cloud
counts 25 billion triples• Open government initiatives• BBC, Facebook, Google,
Yahoo, etc. use semantics• SPARQL becomes W3C
recommendation• Life science and other
scientific communities use ontologies• RDF, OWL become W3C
recommedations• Research field on ontologies
and semantics appears• Term „Semantic Web“ has been „seeded“, Scientific American article,
Tim Berners-Lee et al.
2008
2001
2010
2004
Source: Open Knowledge Foundation
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From Semantic Web to Semantic World: Data Challenges
• Large volumes of raw data to smaller volumes of „processed“ data– Streaming, new data acquisition infrastructures– Data modeling, mining, analysis, processing, distribution– Complex event processing (e.g. in-house behaviour identification)
• Data which is neither „free“ nor „open“– How to store, discover and link it– How to sell it– How to define and communicate its quality / provenance– How to get the stekeholders in the game, create marketplaces
• Establishment of radically new B2B and B2C services– „Tomorrow, your carton of milk will be on the Internet“ – J. da Silva,
referring to Internet of Things – But how would the services look like?
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Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 23
Mobile Ontology
Villalonga, C., Strohbach, M., Snoeck, N., Sutterer, M., Belaunde, M., Kovacs, E., Zhdanova, A.V., Goix, L.W., Droegehorn, O. "Mobile Ontology: Towards a Standardized Semantic Model for the Mobile Domain". In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Telecom Service Oriented Architectures (TSOA 2007) at the 5th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, 17 September 2007, Vienna, Austria (2007).
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Participation in Different Roles in Ontology Construction Actual Split – SPICE Integrated Project Example
Zhdanova, A.V., Li, N., Moessner, K. “Semantic Web in Ubiquitous Mobile Communications”. The Semantic Web for Knowledge and Data Management (Ed.: Ma, Z.), IGI Global (August 2008).
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Participation in Collaborative Ontology Construction for „Newbies“ - Challenges
• Educational: people with no/little knowledge on ontologies require at least an introduction to the field;
• Methodology: yet no widely accepted or best practice solutions on how to acquire ontologies from people in such a setting;
• Basic technology: current ontology language standards (such as OWL) cause confusion and awkward modelling solutions;
• Tool support: better tools for ontology construction process coordination, documentation would help to avoid ad-hoc solutions and manual work.
Zhdanova, A.V., Li, N., Moessner, K. “Semantic Web in Ubiquitous Mobile Communications”. The Semantic Web for Knowledge and Data Management (Ed.: Ma, Z.), IGI Global (August 2008).
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Microservices Scenario: Traffic Jam Killer
Motivation: Share knowledge about the fluidity of the traffic and presence of mobile radars with friends.
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m:Ciudad – Underlying Magic
Operating System
Execution Environment
Services
ServiceCapabilities
CapabilitiesManagement
N E TW O R K
T E RM I N A L
Servicewarehouse
Knowledgewarehouse
Usermanagement
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Architecture - detailed building blocks
m:Ciudad
Framework
Service provider enablersService Exec Env
My Service Registry
KW
Search engine
persistentDB
Recommender
Rule & Policy controller
Serv lifecycle & State Mgr
Service publisher
Metadata creation
SW
Authoring / SCK
Search engine client
AccountingAuthorization, access control
User & Group mgmt
Capabilities Mgr
mCiudad GUI / launcher
Overlay network
Embedded capab. Remote caps
Service storage (templates, SSEs)
service instances
Provider/service Matching table
SSEs
SEE backend view
Context & profile manager
Profile mgr
Notif. mgmt
Metadata ontology
Ontology parsing
Hosted communication capabilities
Service availability tracker
gateways
sensors
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Microservice description language
mService
Backus-Naur &
XML-Schema
OperationalDescription
Rendering Description
SSE’sSemantic Description
Made of
XML-Schema
SemanticContentDescription
mServiceprofile
mService Content
DomainSSE
SemanticDescription
Semantic Characterization of mService and Capabilities
Operational Characterizationof mService
Ontology
Legend
SSE’sCapability
Profile(UDL-CP)
mService Content
(UDL-CD)
OperationalMetadata
SearchableMetadata
LocalMeta-data
mService Profile(UDL-SP)
Ont. Instances
mService Logic
(UDL-SL)
mService Rendering(UDL-SR)
XML doc
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Architecture of Knowledge Warehouse
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Service Creation Kit – First Mock-up and Approaches: “Block-based” and “Question Answering”
31
Version 1• Visual C++, Windows
Mobile• Goal: Study on Block
approach usability
Version 2• Flash Lite, Windows
Mobile• Goal: Wizzard approach,
Carroussel UI
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User Survey – Study Set Up
• Goal: improve understanding of users' needs, experiences, and expectations on user-generated mobile services
– From a knowledge management point of view
• URI: http://survey.ftw.at/microservices • 38 questions, incl. video demonstrations• Distributed via professional and interest mailing lists, social
networks• Answers being collected since June 2009• Participants: 138 persons (52 fully completed)• Plus several face-to-face usability tests with persons (to confirm
the findings)
Danado, J., Davies, M., Ricca, P., Fensel, A. "An Authoring Tool for User Generated Mobile Services". In Proceedings of the 3rd Future Internet Symposium (FIS'10), 20-22 September 2010, Berlin, Germany; Springer Verlag, LNCS 6369, pp. 118-127 (2010).
www.sti-innsbruck.at
User Survey – Need for Our Technology
• Ca. 2/3 of users feel the need to adapt services or apps they use
• Ca. 1/3 of users feel the need to create their own services and apps
User profile: – Almost all between 20 and 50 years old, Europeans– ca. 70% male, 30% female– Majority is a researcher or engineer with a Master degree,
also large shares with a Bachelor or a PhD– Daily average internet usage is 5 hours– Half of the respondents access the internet via mobile
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Evaluations – Mobile Service Creation
• Customisation – drag&drop (matching blocks) – end-user programming
• Davies, M., Carrez, F., Heinilä, J., Fensel, A., Narganes, M., Danado, J. "m:Ciudad -- Enabling End-User Mobile Service Creation", International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications,Emerald Group Publishing, Vol. 7 Iss: 4, pp. 384-414 (2011).
• Davies, M., Carrez, F., Urdiales, D., Fensel, A., Narganes, M., Danado, J. "Defining User-Generated Services in a Semantically-Enabled Mobile Platform". In Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2010), 8-10 November 2010, Paris, France, ACM (2010).
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Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 36
highmediumlow
Relevance
On market
Product concept
Applied Research
Basic Research
ICT
Tech
nolo
gies
In E
nerg
y
Innovative directions
Ex.StandardizationChange of Law
s/Ex.O
perator Services
End –User Services
Smart Grids - Technology Radar
Gaps/Opportunities/ChangesEx
. Disr
uptiv
e te
chno
logi
es
smart metering
EU 2050 nearly-zero goal
large-scale & stream data processing
(semantic) servicedescription, discovery, composiion
Internet of ThingsM2M services
energy control & monotoring
demand-response management
consumer „manipulation“
empowering renewableenergy „prosumers“
Web-Grid convergence
raising consumer awareness
CIM, OPC & other models
data-intensiveservices
automatisation
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Market Situation
• Currently: fragmented offers, closed systems, low interoperability, information difficult to find or combine
– Information Services• E-Control, energy companies, energy consultancies
– Smart Metering & Home Automation• Still waiting to come, trials, closed systems, services offered by
energy companies
• Closed sniffer systems (optical sensors, clams) , no closed loop – no impact on energy management
• Specialized systems (security, heating), some open, most closed, some portal based , not part of energy management
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Green Marketplace
• Information portal to disseminate in a personalized manner the information about available products and services
• RECOIL = Recommender Optimized via Identified Links for Renewable Energy
• E‐commerce platform combining an advertisement platform and an online shop, through which customers can purchase – Partner hardware
/ services– Mobile apps and games– Coupons for appliances– Add-value info services Portal
ServicesConsumer
Products
Context
EnergyData
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Potential Customers / Partners & Their Benefits
Customer Group Benefit
Citizens and private households Facility managers (private and public) Construction companies and investors
Energy awareness and control -> cost and energy savings
Personalized recommendation of products and services
Large manufacturers of energy efficient appliances , home automation devices and renewable energy equipment,
Small manufacturers of appliances and specialized devices such as for smart home automation, retailers, especially those without strong Web presence, market holders
Targeted promotion of products, winning of new customers
“Green” PR Better benchmarking through
consumption data and information about energy efficiency of business processes
Municipalities and their utility companies who offer energy optimization services and energy consultancy agencies, ministries (energy, environment, spatial planning)
Energy supplier companies Tourism companies: hotels, tourism settlements Energy efficiency bodies
Advertisement of services, programs, solutions
Better customer management Better in-sector awareness
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Background
2 FFG COIN Projects (sesame-s.ftw.at)• SESAME – Semantic Smart Metering,
Enablers for Energy Efficiency (9’09-11’10, 800k Euro)– Prototype, proof of concepts,
feasibility study
• SESAME-S – Services for Energy Efficiency (4’11-9’11, 770k Euro)– setting up usable smart home
hardware, a portal and repository– organizing a test installation in real
buildings: in a school (Kirchdorf, Austria) and a factory (Chernogolovka, Russia)
– developing specialized UIs and designing mobile apps for the school use case
• Consortium partner network of 6 organizations
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Data Acquisition
© FTW 2011
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Data Acquisition – Extended, SESAME-S
© FTW 2011
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Data Acquisition
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Extension to More Buildings
• Research challenge: moving logics components, such as building automation settings, user preferences.
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• Ministries (Ministry of Infrastructure and Energetics, Ministry of Environment…)
• Provincial councils and centers• Energy efficiency bodies• Energy companies• Municipalities• Construction companies and Investors• Home-automation market holders• Home-appliance market holders• Tourism companies: hotels, tourism settlements• Telecommunication companies• Cloud service providers• …
Many Stakeholders - Same Data
© FTW 2011
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Smart Home End User Services
© FTW 2011
www.sti-innsbruck.at
• Over 50 users were interviewed f2f plus over a 100 online• Some outcomes
– „Saving costs“ is the strongest motivator, “reputation“ is the weakest– Main system cost expectation is 200 Euro per installation, plus up to 5
Euro as a monthly fee, with energy savings of 20%– Preference to delegate unobtrusive tasks (e.g. stand by device
management vs. lights control)– Every 4th user will choose the „fanciest“ and not the „easiest to use“
interface– 2/3rds of users are „absolutely sure“ or „sure“ they‘d use such or a
similar system in the future– 2/3rds of users would also share their home settings with „friends“
Energy Efficient Buildings –User Trials
• Fensel, A., Tomic, S., Kumar, V., Stefanovic, M., Aleshin, S., Novikov, D. "SESAME-S: Semantic Smart Home System for Energy Efficiency". In Proceedings of D-A-CH Energieinformatik 2012, 5-6 July 2012, Oldenburg, Germany. • Schwanzer, M., Fensel, A. "Energy Consumption Information Services for Smart Home Inhabitants". In Proceedings of the 3rd Future Internet Symposium (FIS'10), 20-22 September 2010, Berlin, Germany; Springer Verlag, LNCS 6369, pp. 78-87.
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End User Attitudes
© FTW 2011
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End User Expectations
© FTW 2010
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Smart Home Installation
School, Kirchdorf - AT• Several Smart Meters • Sensors (e.g. light,
temperature, humidity)• Smart plugs, for individual
sockets• Shutdown services for PCs• User interfaces and apps: Web,
tablet, smartphone (Android)
Factory, Chernogolovka - RU• Heating system regulation and
monitoring extension
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Services Addressing Users @ School
• Energy awareness, monitoring
• Remote control - manual and programmed - e.g. scheduled activities and triggering rules
• How do we get the users?– By having workshops with
pupils: introduction to energy efficiency, building analysis, explaining the system and services
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Demand Management@ Smart Building
Millions of triples collected in the semantic repository
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How Green I Am@ www.alphaverda.com
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Outline
• Motivation for the Research Agenda• About Participation• About Convergent Services• How Semantics and Convergence Foster Participation - Examples
– User Generated Mobile Services – Smart Buildings and Grid
• Conclusions
Disclaimer: The contents of this presentation are not necessarily reflecting opinions of any of my current, past or future employers.
www.sti-innsbruck.at 55
Conclusions
• Semantic technology as an enabler for the individuals and organisations to participate productively
– By getting new roles.– By changing existing roles easier.
• Examples have been shown:– Mobile prosumers creating mobile services– Energy prosumer in smart buildings
Possible future research aspects include data analytics e.g. for: • Scenarios involving heterogeneous multiple stakeholders.• Changing/steering behavior, engagement of users/customers.• Enabling participation vs. yield management / resilience.
– “Resilience is the ability to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation.”, “A superset of survivability.” - Wikipedia
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Questions?