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I used these slides to teach a class of 70 students from the Post Graduate Diploma and the Masters Programme in Information Systems, in the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. August, 2008
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eGovernment Interoperability
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What, Why, How, WhoInteroperability: as a concept
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Definition
“...The ability of two or more diverse government information and communications technology (ICT) systems or components to meaningfully and seamlessly exchange information and use the information that has been exchanged...”
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Demands on governments
●Enhanced efficiency and effectiveness●Improved delivery of basic public services●Increased transparency and accountability
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Expectations
●Better decisions●Better public services●Better governance
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Realization
●Through standards●Through architecture
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Characteristics of open standards
●Easy accessibility for all to read and use●Developed by a process that is open and relatively easy for anyone to participate in; and●No control or tiein by any specific group and vendor
Open standards enables
●Avoid vendor lockin●Wide technology choices●Tapping technology cost reduction
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Design fit
●Framework based/flexible●Standards oriented●Open but aligned●Industry maturity ●Clearly defined governance model
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Involvement
●Stakeholders●Lead agency●Decision makers●Technical personnel
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Resource needs
●Funding for institutions●Appropriate skill sets in government
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Role for policy makers
●Vision●Political sponsorship
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Agenda
What is egovernment interoperability?Why is egovernment interoperability important? What would egovernment interoperability accomplish?How is egovernment interoperability realized?What are open standards? What role do they play in egovernment interoperability? What makes a welldesigned GIF/EA?Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?What is the role of policy makers in ensuring egovernment interoperability?What are the important lessons to remember about egovernment interoperability?
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Take away
● It's not technology only (It's a mixVision, Policy, Strategy)● It's an iterative, open and inclusive process● Required to have an interagency support organization
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SynthesisGIF/Architecture
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Agenda
Standards approach to interoperabilityArchitectural approach to interoperabilityConclusion
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Agenda
Standards approach to interoperabilityArchitectural approach to interoperabilityConclusion
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Standards approach to interoperability::The GIF Content organization
1Context
2Standards
3Development
4 Implementation
5Compliance
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Context:
Definition of GIFAim of the documentPrinciples that supports the selection of standards (Interoperability, Scalability, Reusability, Openness, Market support, Security, Privacy, Accessibility, Multilingualism, Transparency)
Scope and limitationsOrganizations bound by specifications of the GIFRelationship of the GIF with other documents/policies
1Context
2Standards
3Development
4 Implementation
5Compliance
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Standards:
Categories (process, semantic and technical)
Basis (diversity and democratic participation, openness and transparency, IPR constraints, access and security)
Maturity and obsolescence (Emerging, Current, Fading)
1Context
2Standards
3Development
4 Implementation
5Compliance
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Development:
Creation and revisionsActors (Lead organization, secretariat, working groups)
Process documentations
1Context
2Standards
3Development
4 Implementation
5Compliance
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Implementation and Compliance:
Organization responsibilityCompliance and enforcementCapacity developmentMeasures of success
1Context
2Standards
3Development
4 Implementation
5Compliance
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Agenda
Standards approach to interoperabilityArchitectural approach to interoperabilityConclusion
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Architectural approach to interoperability: (Challenging the way information systems are organized and governed in public sector and calls for a broader definition of interoperability)
EA, NEA, and SOA
Objectives (Administrative reforms and interoperability)Principles (balance between excessive and no control)Technical content (Reference modelsPerformance, Business, Service Component, Technical and Data (USGov))Development and design (need based, cost effective, flexible) Implementation and governance (Communication, Cooperation, Incentives, Political leadership)
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Agenda
Standards approach to interoperabilityArchitectural approach to interoperabilityConclusion
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Conclusion:
GIF or A (EA/SOA),what matters actually is policy
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Comparison Countries
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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GIFs from seven countries:
1. Australia2. Brazil3. Denmark4. Germany5. Malaysia6. New Zealand7. United Kingdom
and
European Union
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
ContextTechnicalContent
DevelopmentProcess
Implementation &Compliance
Comparative content organization of selected GIFs
EU N/A
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany
Malaysia
UK
Interoperability Scalability Reusability Openness
Standards selection principles for selected GIFs
MarketSupport
Security Privacy
EU
New Zealand N/A
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Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
G2G G2C G2B G2Orgs
Scope of selected GIFs
G2OG Other
Germany
EU N/A
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Technical Content: Two distinct approaches: one common thread
1. Clustering based on layers – Focus in only on the technical dimension: Followed by 6 out of 8
2. Clustering based on Services or Life Events – Focus is on all three dimensions: organizational,data/semantic, and technical
Followed by 2 out of 8
Life cycle of standards: Emerging, Current and Fading
The common thread: Open standards
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Australia
Brazil
Denmark
New Zealand
UK
InterconnectionData
IntegrationMetadata
Informationaccess &
Presentation
Approach 1: Interoperability layers for selected GIFs
Standards forBusiness
areasWebservices Security
Malaysia
EU
Germany
N/A
N/A
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Approach 2: Interoperability life events for selected GIFs
EU
GermanyAround 400 services were identified for the different federal administrations. An analysisof the services along the value chain made it possible to identify 8 service types. 73% of the services used today belong to the three following types:
• Capturing, processing and providing information; • Processing applications and requests sent to an administration office; and • Processing subsidy and assistance applications.
Income taxes, job search, social security contribution, personal documents, carregistration, permits, certificates, enrollment, announcement of relocation, healthrelatedservices.
Services included under the GIF
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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The GIF Authoring Process:
The lead authorities assigned to develop GIFs in five of the seven countries are the offices in charge of public administration!
The bulk of the policy work goes to the designated secretariat and the working groups
The lead authorities are mainly responsible for approving and implementing the GIF document
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
Guidelines
Mandatory
Guidelines
Mandatory
Mandatory
Mandatory
Status
Validity for selected GIFs
Germany Guidelines
EU N/A
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Ensuring compliance with the GIF.Measures include: • Adopting GIF specifications as an agency policy;• Drafting a GIF compliance road map or a migration policy;• Selfregulating the system owner and departmental checking;• Providing a decisionsupport tool or service for public officials who will design IT projects; and• Recommending GIF conformity in the bidding process. (In Germany, preference in the bidding
process is given to those who are GIFcompliant.)
Only the UK and Germany include penalties for noncompliance. Penalties include:
● Possible withholding of project approval or funding;● Refused connection to government networks; and/or● Possible discrimination in procurement biddings for suppliers.
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Agenda
Introduction Content of GIFs
Context Technical Content The GIF Authoring Process Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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Conclusion:
No two GIFs are the same. However, there are best practices emerging, such as Open standards. Governments in the process of developing GIFs may learn from others.
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Find the source publications at
http://www.apdip.net/projects/gif