HFAM II Modeling Seminar

State of California

Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management

Sacramento, Ca January 27, 2010

Model Evolution, Stanford to HFAM II

Model Year Hardware Scope Features

Stanford 1 1959 Mainframe Rainfall-Runoff Daily, continuous soil moisture

Stanford 2 1962 Mainframe Rainfall-Runoff Hourly, land and reaches

Stanford 4 1966 Mainframe Precip./Snow Hourly, land, reaches, 10K copies

HSP 1972 Mainframe Hydrology, WQ Hourly, hydrology, sediment

HSPF 1979 Mini Hydrology, WQ Hydrology and water quality (EPA)

SRFM 1985 Eng. W. S. Hydrology Graphics interactive

SEAFM 1991 Eng. W. S. Design/Ops. Probabilistic (Ensemble) Forecasts

HFAM 1.1 1997 PCs Design/Ops. Expands operations for facilities

HFAM II 2007-2010

PCs Design/Ops. New Model Structure, WQ, new physical elements (glaciers)

Interflow

HFAM II Main Menu

Watershed Modeling Input Time Series Results Help

{watershed list} Model Setup Data Availability Land SegmentsCheck/Load Data Update Data Availability inc. Glacial Segments

Run Simulation Graphs ReachesWatershed Reservoirs/LakesRun Types: Aquifer ElementsForecastAnalysisProbabilistic

Optimization

Model Time Line

NOW

Past Future

ModelTime

Historic Data Real Time Data Forecast and Ensemble Data

Watershed Initial Conditions (snowpacks, soil moisture) can be stored at the “Model Time”, at “NOW”, and for any time in the past.

Set initial conditions,Probabilistic Run

ForecastWeather

Model Elements

Element Input Output Features

Land Segment Met. data, irrigation

Surface, interflow,groundwater, aquif. recharge

Infiltration, actual E. T., soil moisture accounting,glacial segments

Reach Upstream res. & reaches, land & aquif. outflows

Flow, aquif.recharge

Kinematic wave routing, complex cross-sections

Reservoir Upstream res. & reaches, land & aquif. outflows

Outflows and res. levels, evap.,seepage

Multiple spillways, outlets and powerhouses

Spillways, low level outlets, powerhouses

Reservoir Levels, outlet demands

Water deliveries, generation, deficits

Demands are fixed, annual patterns or time series, inc. physical constraints

Aquif. Element Recharge and aquif. elements,pumping

Outflows, down. gradient and to reaches

Allow flows across surface drainage boundaries

Diversion Demand Flows, deficits Link to reservoirs, reaches

HFAM II Elements and Linkages

MeteorologicalStations

Land

La

Land Segment

Reach

Reservoir

AquiferElement

Spillways,L. L. Outlets

Diversions

Powerhouse

HFAM II Elements and Linkages

MeteorologicalStations

Land

La

Land Segment

Reach

Reservoir

AquiferElement

Spillways,L. L. Outlets

Diversions

Powerhouse

HFAM II Linkages

Tree Structure(from Wikipedia)

Hfam II elements are assigned index numbersin a tree structure. In graph theory a tree is a connected graph without cycles.

The tree in Hfam II is traversed from leaves to the root: The root is the most downstream reach or reservoirin a system.

Data sources (time series) needed for each model element are specified. Linkages between elements are found by an algorithm from element data sources only.

The operations sequence for model elements, “walking the tree”, is found by an algorithm.

Hfam II elements for a watershed may contain more than one tree structure – in graph theory this is called a forest.

A connection from5 to 3 creates a cycleand is not allowed.

Setting Simulation Order

HFAM II Input Schema

In OOP (Object Oriented Programming), Hfam II Elements are Objects. An object is a discrete bundle of functions and procedures relating to a real-world entity.

Hfam II is written in Delphi, Object Pascal.

HFAM II Reservoir Element

The zero or one to infinite tag shows optional objects, and where multiple objects are allowed.

HFAM II Reservoir Element: Outlet Components

HFAM II Structure Capabilities

HFAM II watersheds can contain;

• any number of meteorological stations with records of any length• any number of land segments, reaches, aquifer elements or reservoirs• reservoirs can have any number of spillways, stop logs, power houses, outlets or diversions

Model runs can be made for any period of time, from hours to decades, and if requested, hourly information on a model element is available for the entire run.

HFAM II DataPrep

Time Series Data Management

Hfam II DataPrep Main Menu

File Data Plot Options Help

Import Raw Data Edit Raw Data Spatial Set Default Data FilesExport Final Data Generate Final Data Time Series Activate Raw SourcesExport Streamflow Data Edit Final Data Select Raw Data SourcesMake Forecast Files Check Data Availability Set Monthly DefaultsMake Annual Pattern File Set Long Term Averages

Modeling Large Watersheds

Snake River at Hells Canyon

Tocantins River at Tucurui

Tuolumne and Sacramento Rivers

Tuolumne Sacramento

1,884 sq. mi. at Modesto 23,500 sq. mi. at Sacramento

13,100 ft. to 60 ft. elev 14,200 ft. to 40 ft. elev

850 land segments 9000 land segments ?

75 reaches 750 reaches ?

9 reservoirs/lakes 90 reservoirs/lakes

1930 to present data base ??

Tuolumne River historic run time for 1930 to the present, 50 minutes, on a 3 GHz PC with 8 GB RAM (unthreaded).A one year probabilistic forecast run takes 25 minutes.

Cedar River at Landsburg, WA

Masonry Dam

PH flow increasesto meet downstreamflow requirement

Miscellaneous Slides