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Slides for the paper, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1034/SolankiAndBrewster_COLD2013.pdf presented at COLD2013,/SWC2013
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COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains:Enabling data visibility via Linked
Pedigreeshttp://windermere.aston.ac.uk/~monika/papers/SolankiAndBrewster_COLD2013.pdf
Monika Solanki and Christopher BrewsterAston Business School
Aston University, Birmingham, UK
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Motivation: Visibility in Supply Chains
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Motivation
Visibility*“Visibility is the ability to know exactly where things are at anypoint in time, or where they have been, and why”.
Critical to achieving visibility in the end-to-end supply chainis collaboration between trading partners.Successful collaboration largely depends on the ease andtimeliness with which real-time process and productknowledge can be shared between trading partners andutilised in decision making.
*http://www.gs1.org/docs/GS1_SupplyChainVisibility_WhitePaper.pdf
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
MotivationExisting mechanisms for sharing data and informationalong supply chains are highly restricted and extremelycomplex.There is a lack of information models that facilitate theexchange of end-to-end supply chain product and processknowledge.There is a very conservative “need-to-know” attitude suchthat essentially information flows only “one-up, one down”.
Information and knowledge need to be interlinked, shared andmade available consistently along the supply chains not leastfor regulatory reasons but also due to increasing consumerdemands of being able to track and trace commodities.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
MotivationSupply chain domains where data interlinking and sharingissues are most prevalent: The Agri-food and TheHealthcare sector.Agri-food supply chains,
Tracking and tracing of foods in the context of health andsafety: prevent and respond to food emergencies (mad cowdisease, and most recently E. Coli).Growing desire on the part of food consumers to knowmore about their food.
HealthcareCapture and document the chain of custody and the chainof ownership of a pharmaceutical product as it movesthrough the supply chain.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Outline
Linked Pedigrees
Reference Architecture
Linked Pedigree Communication Protocol
Exemplifying Linked Pedigrees
Conclusions
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Background: Pedigrees
Most widely prevalent in the pharmaceutical industry.Pedigree(e-pedigree) is an audit trail that records the pathand ownership of a drug as it moves through the supplychain.Each stakeholder involved in the manufacture ordistribution of the drug adds information to the pedigree.The Pedigree standard* provides an XML schema for thedescription of the life history of a product.“Event based Pedigree”: utilises EPCglobal’s EPCISspecification for capturing events in the supply chain andgenerating pedigrees based on a relevant subset of thecaptured events.
* http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/pedigree
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Linked Pedigrees
Datasets described and accessed using linked dataprinciples.Encapsulate the knowledge required to trace and trackproducts in supply chains on a Web scale.Facilitate the interlinking of a variety of related and relevantdata, i.e., product master data with event data.Based on a domain independent data model for thesharing of knowledge among Semantic Web/Linked dataaware systems deployed for the tracking, tracing and datacapture.Product knowledge shared among partners as productsphysically flow downstream or upstream in the supplychain.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Knowledge Encapsulation in LinkedPedigrees
Direct linkages in the linked pedigree generated by each supplychain trading partner
URIs forproduct master data: product identifiers, sensor basedproduct related information, e.g., storage conditions.transaction data: invoices, order numbers, quantity.consignment information: logistics, receiver, shipper,locationData interpretation rules if any.
URIs for the pedigree datasets from the stakeholders in theimmediate upstream or downstream of the supply chain.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
OntoPedigree: A CO design pattern
Competency questions:Who is the creator of the pedigree ?What is the supply chain creation status of a givenpedigree?Which are the business transactions recorded against aparticular consignment?Which products have been shipped together?Which other pedigrees are included in the receivedpedigree?
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
OntoPedigree: A CO design pattern
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Event based Linked Pedigrees
EPC*: Electronic Product Code A universal identifier encodedon data carriers that gives a unique, serialised identity to aspecific physical object.
EPCIS*: Electronic Product Code Information Services Aratified(2007) EPCglobal standard for sharing EPC relatedinformation between trading partners in a supply chain.
LinkedEPCIS*: an open source Java API and a referenceimplementation for capturing, storing and querying EPCISevents.
*http://www.gs1.org/sites/default/files/docs/tds/tds_1_7-Std.pdf*http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/epcis
*http://code.google.com/p/linked-epcis/*http://windermere.aston.ac.uk/~monika/papers/SolankiDeRiVE2013.pdf
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Generating Linked Pedigrees event URIs
Events incorporated in pedigree creation
commissioning: uniquely identifying productsshipping: associating products with ordersreceiving: associating received products with orders
Pedigree Component Linking relationship Resource identifierProduct information hasProductInfo Product data URIs
Serialised product data URIsConsignment information hasConsignmentInfo Commissioning events -
Object event/Aggregation event URIsTransaction information hasTransactionInfo Shipping events -
Transaction event URIs
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Reference Architecture
An open, scalable and decentralised architecture.Every actor in the supply chain manages its own datastore.Linked pedigrees obtained via a pull model.Shared data models, vocabularies, Web based and mobileapplication components are provided as cloud basedservices.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Reference ArchitectureAgri-food supply chain
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Reference Architecture: Key ComponentsLinked Pedigree Manager agent
An integral component of every stakeholderparticipating in event based tracking and tracing.
Interfaces between the EPCIS event store andexternal systems.
RESTfully queries linked pedigrees fromupstream/downstream stakeholders.
Validates electronic information recorded onreceived physical goods against the query results.
Generates the pedigree on the fly from theknowledge curated in the event data stores of thestakeholder, assigns it a URI and include outgoinglinks to external datasets.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Reference Architecture: Key ComponentsIntegrated Linked Pedigree Store
Pedigree definitions include pedigree URIsfrom the upstream or downstreamstakeholders.
They can be sequentially traversed, toeventually construct an ordered chain ofpedigrees.
Access control restrictions mean that it may not be possible forstakeholders themselves to obtain complete information relatedto products and consignments from every other stakeholder.
The integrated linked pedigree store provides a service that canfacilitate the end-to-end dereferencing of linked pedigrees in thesupply chain.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Linked Pedigree Communication Protocol
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Linked Pedigrees: Agri-food supply chains
The tomato supply chain involves thousands of farmers,hundreds of traders and few retail groups
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Linked Pedigrees: Agri-food supply chains
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Agri-food supply chainsPedigree sent from Farmer to Trader
### http://fispace.aston.ac.uk/franzfarmer/pedigrees/FranzTomatoFarmerPedigree123
fsc:FranzTomatoFarmerPedigree123 rdf:type ped:Pedigree;ped:hasSerialNumber "tomPed123"^^xsd:String;ped:hasStatus ped:Initial;ped:hasConsignmentInfo fci:FranzFarmerObjectEvent10,
fci:FranzFarmerAggregationEvent6;ped:hasTransactionInfo fti:FranzFarmerShippingEvent12;ped:hasProductInfo ftp:FranzTomatoesMay2013Data.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Agri-food supply chainsPedigree sent from Trader to Distributor
### http://fispace.aston.ac.uk/joetrader/pedigrees/JoeTomatoTraderPedigree456
jsc:JoeTomatoTraderPedigree456 rdf:type ped:Pedigreeped:hasSerialNumber "joeTradePed456"^^xsd:String;ped:hasStatus ped:Intermediate;ped:hasConsignmentInfo jci:JoeTraderObjectEvent20,
jci:JoeTraderObjectEvent30;ped:hasTransactionInfo jti:JoeTraderTransactionEvent40;ped:hasProductInfo jpi:JoeTradesMay2013Info.ped:hasReceivedPedigree fsc:FranzTomatoFarmerPedigree123,
bsc:BobTomatoFarmerPedigree123.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
ConclusionsData visibility (tracking and tracing) in supply chains hasreceived considerable attention in recent years.Semantic Web standards, ontologies and linked data canbe utilised to curate and represent real time supply chainknowledge via “linked pedigrees”.“OntoPedigree” a CO design pattern provides aminimalistic abstraction for designing domain specificpedigree ontologies.The reference architecture and the linked pedigreecommunication protocol exemplify pedigree exchangebetween supply chain partners.The proposed approach is domain independent and canbe widely applied to most scenarios of traceability.
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees
COLD/ISWC 2013, 22nd October, Sydney
Future?
[email protected] Consuming Linked data in Supply Chains Enabling data visibility via Linked Pedigrees