Organic and Biochemistry

Organic Compound- compound that contain Carbon.

Remember what you know about Carbon

Atomic # = 6 p=6 n=6 e=6

Atomic mass = 12

Oxidation number = 4

Why Carbon is different?1. Bonding- Carbon can form 4 covalent

bonds.2. Arrangement-

Carbon can form -chains

-branched chains

-rings

Polymer- when smaller molecules are hooked together to make a new very large molecule.

Monomer- a small molecule. Many monomers make up a polymer.

Monomer Polymer

Carbohydrates- organic compounds that consist of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. There are 2 times as many hydrogens than carbon and oxygen.

Ex: C6H12O6 Glucose 1:2:1

Sugars are major type of carbohydrates. Sugars are monomers while starches are polymers. Carbohydrates are energy sources.

Glucose Starch

How Glucose is Formed

Lipid- organic compound that consist of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Does not have a 1:2:1 ratio.

Saturated fats- fats that contain only single bonded carbon atoms. It’s saturated with hydrogen atoms.

Unsaturated fats- fats that contain at least one double bond or triple bond.

Protein- large organic polymer formed by many organic monomers called amino acids.

All proteins contain an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group. These groups combine together to make a peptide. The bond between them is called a peptide bond.

Carboxyl group

Amine group Peptide

Peptide Bond

Making of Protein

Nucleic Acids- organic compounds that consist of sugar, phosphate and a nucleotide.

Ex: DNA and RNA

Nucleotides