ELEMENTSSection 1-3

Objectives

1. Use a periodic table to name elements, given their symbols

2. Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names

3. Describe the arrangement of the periodic table

4. List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical means

Serve as building block of matter Each element has characteristic

properties Organized on periodic table in groups

according to their properties

Periodic table

Elements on Periodic table

6

C 12.011 Carbon

Atomic number

Chemical Symbol

Atomic Mass

Element Name

Chemical Symbols and Names First Letter – C, H, F First and second letter – Al, Ne, Li First and other than second letter –

Mg, Zn, Sr Non-English names – Na, Sb, Au, Fe These elements have been around for a

long time – Most come from Latin names

Periodic Table

Groups ( families) – vertical columns usually here because of similar properties

Periods – horizontal rows Put in order of atomic

number

Types of elements

Metals Properties

Luster Malleable Ductile Good conductor of heat and electricity

Copper – representative metal Reddish color Metallic luster Found in chalcopyrite and malachite Melts at 1083 celcius Boils at 2567 celcius Malleable and ductile

Nonmetals

Many are gases at room temperature (F, O, N, Cl)

Brittle Nonconductors of heat and electricity Dull ( no luster)

Phosphorus – a nonmetal

One of 5 solid nonmetals Two forms – red phosphorus (melts at

597 celsius) White phosphorus (melts at 44

celsius) Stored underwater, it ignites in air

Too reactive to exist in nature in pure form

All living things contain phosphorus

Metalloids

Stair-step line separates metals from nonmetals on periodic table

Metalloid is an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals

All are solids at room temp. Less malleable than metals but not as brittle as

nonmetals Tend to be semiconductors

Noble gases

Elements in group 18 of periodic table

UNREACTIVE Not identified until 1962 All gases at room temp. Neon, Helium, Argon, krypton, Xenon