Ch03 p pt

Business English at Work© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Business English at Work

Sentence Sentence Development Development

ObjectivesDemonstrate knowledge of terms used in sentence construction. Use correct ending punctuation for statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.Identify simple, compound, and complete subjects.Identify simple, compound, and complete predicates.

PP 3-1a

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ObjectivesRecognize direct objects, indirect objects, and other complements.Identify normal and inverted sentence order patterns.Differentiate between phrases and clauses.Identify simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.

PP 3-1b

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A sentence consists of words correctly arranged to form a complete statement or idea.

A Sentence

PP 3-2

A sentence

begins with a capital letter.ends with an ending mark of punctuation.



Do the words make sense?Do the words indicate a complete thought?Does the group of words begin with a capital letter?Does the group of words end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point?

Ask these questions to determine whether words are a sentence.

PP 3-3



Express statements (declarative sentences).End with a period.

We offer a 30-day return policy.

Four Purposes of Sentences

PP 3-4a

Ask questions (interrogative sentences).End with a question mark if direct questions.Are the new brochures available yet?

End with a period if indirect questions.He asked whether I planned to revise the news

release.



Give commands and requests (imperative sentences). End with a period.

Direct CommandPlace your order within two days to receive a

discount.Courteous Request

Will you please call me by the end of the week.

Four Purposes of Sentences

PP 3-4a

Express emotions (exclamatory sentences). End with an exclamation point. Always satisfy your customers!

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Subject

Sentences Have Two Parts

PP 3-5

PredicateVerb (action or “to be” form)Tells what the subject is doing or what the subject is

Often a noun or pronounIndicates who is speaking, who is spoken to, or who or what is spoken about



The simple subject is the main word of the subject.

Simple Subject

PP 3-6

Users can schedule unlimited sales calls with contact management software.We offer a discount to our employees.Outstanding customer service is our goal.



The compound subject is two or more main words in a subject.

Compound Subject

PP 3-7

Hudson Communications and Cellular Depot share an office building in the Redwood Business Park.Evening hours and free parking interest customers. Focus groups, phone messages, and postal card responses are all ways to obtain user opinions.



The complete subject consists of the simple or compound subject plus any of its modifiers.

Complete Subject

PP 3-8

Most customers comment on our window displays.Sales brochures describe our products.Free upgrades and extra bonus miles attract some travelers.



The simple predicate is a single verb or verb phrase.

Simple Predicate

PP 3-9

Tim speaks softly.I take inventory once a week.Our store hours are convenient.We have advertised our sale in the local newspaper.



The compound predicate is two or more verbs.

Compound Predicate

PP 3-10

I researched our orders and designed our latest sales brochure. Our accountant and the sales manager analyzed our sales and recommended new pricing of products.Other companies have visited our call center and ordered similar telephone headsets.



The complete predicate consists of the simple or compound predicate plus all modifiers that limit or describe the verbs.

Complete Predicate

PP 3-11

This short survey asks for your opinions about our customer service.Our company has an extensive video training library. The reports on this Website review a wide range of customer service issues.



Can be a noun or pronoun.Completes the verb by answering the questions whom? or what? after the verb.

A Direct Object

PP 3-12

Glenda plans seminars for our company.Service companies need outstanding delivery records.My supervisor praised me for resolving the problem.



Can be a noun or pronoun.Answers the questions to whom? or for whom?Usually precedes the direct object.Usually follows verb forms such as give, offer, wish, ship, make, refuse, present, or send.

An Indirect Object

PP 3-13a



Dynamic Designs offers me a 15 percent discount.The warehouse shipped Kerry the furniture last week.Our company gives customers a money-back guarantee.

Examples of Indirect Objects

PP 3-13b

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Is a predicate noun or predicate pronoun that follows a linking verb (am, are, is was, were).Renames the subject.

A Subject Complement

PP 3-14

Richard Herrera is a customer service representative.We are the best sales team.



Is a predicate adjective that follows a linking verb (am, are, is, was, were).Modifies (describes) the subject.

A Predicate Complement

PP 3-15

Billboard advertising is expensive. Customers are a company’s most important asset.



Normal Order

Sentence Order

PP 3-16a

The subject appears first and the predicate follows.

Jerry responded.Your company’s competitors hired several young salespeople.I received the sales totals.We wish you success.The training video is free.



Inverted Order

Sentence Order

PP 3-16b

The predicate or part of the predicate is before the subject.

There are many compliments about our customer service.Here is the latest inventory report.Should we offer discounts to attract customers?How much will a customer satisfaction survey cost?On the Website are the details about our shipping policies.

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A phrase is a sequence of words which has neither a subject nor a predicate.

Phrase

PP 3-17

Prepositional phrase: Begins with a preposition such as of, in, at, and for and ends with a noun or pronoun. Does not include a verb.

in our call center at our warehouse

Infinitive phrase: Begins with to and includes a verb form.

to offer a compromise to request a refund



A clause is a sequence of words with both a subject and a predicate.

Clause

PP 3-18a

Independent clause: Is a complete sentence and can stand alone.

We send a confirmation e-mail for each online order.

Dependent clause: Is not a complete sentence and cannot stand alone. It must be joined to an independent clause to make sense.

When you call our customer service department,



When a dependent clause introduces an independent clause, place a comma at the end of the dependent clause.

Clause

PP 3-18b

If the office furniture was damaged in moving, our standard guarantee still applies.Because we have 24-hour customer service, we have three customer service shifts.

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Simple sentencesCompound sentencesComplex sentencesCompound-complex sentences

Sentence Formations

PP 3-19



A simple sentence is one independent clause in a subject-verb pattern.

Simple Sentence

PP 3-20

We cancelled the order last week.Rachel and I purchased a subscription to Advertising Age.Our customers shop online and refer others to our Website.The human relations specialist and my manager recommended less phone work and offered me another position.



A compound sentence is two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction.

Compound Sentence

PP 3-21

Many of our customers are self-employed, and they purchase items for themselves.Limited quantities of this product are available, but we will ship your order next week.



A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause.

Complex Sentence

PP 3-22

When a product is listed as out of stock, your order will be filled as soon as possible.If your order cannot be shipped within 30 days, we will cancel the order.Because I arrived late for the sale, I could not find the items that I wanted.



A compound-complex sentence consists of more than one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

Compound-Complex Sentence

PP 3-23

If your order has not been shipped within 30 days, we will notify you of this delay by e-mail, and you will have the option to cancel your order.When you receive a promotional code, enter it on your order, but only one promotional code may be used for each order.



A sentence fragment consists of words, phrases, or dependent clauses that cannot stand alone and may contain subjects and predicates.

Sentence Fragment

PP 3-24

The multiple gift certificatesOrdered by phone last week



A run-on sentence is a complete sentence with period or comma faults.

Run-On Sentence

PP 3-25

I want to order online credit card thefts worry me.Your serial number is provided with your product documentation you can also find the serial number by opening the software and clicking on the Help menu.

Business English at Work© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Ch03 p pt