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ccna ppt
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SWITCHING• Switch is a layer 2 Device
• Two types of switches:-1. Manageable•Switches which has a console port• It is costly• Ex: Cisco catalyst 29501. Non-manageable- •Switches which does not have console port• Less expensive• Ex: D-link, Net gear
FURTHER CLASSIFICATION
1. Cut through Cut through switch is one which has no error checking on incoming
frame Ex: Normal Switch
2. Store and Forward Store and forward has a buffer (small memory) in which the incoming
frame is saved in it , checks the error and transmits
FUNCTIONS OF SWITCH
• Address Learning•No entries are in MAC table initially• Each port broad cast to find its device for communication• The frame contains SMAC and source port no:• It is entered into the MAC table•After finding its device , the details are entered into the MAC table
• Forwarding• Forwarding is the process in which the frames are transferred according to MAC table
• Loop avoidance• Two links are connected to two switches.• A loop occurs between the loops
STP (SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL)• Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by
placing certain ports in the blocking state.
• It is to avoid Looping in switches
BRIDGE ID
• It is an address used to identify switches
• It is a combination of priority value + MAC address
• Ex: 32768:aa:bb:cc:dd
ROUTE BRIDGE
• The highest priority switch among network of switch.
• It controls the other ones.
• Only one Route Bridge is in a network
• The other switches are called non-Route Bridge
DESIGNATED PORT
• The forwarding port of frame is called DP
• All ports in Route Bridge are Designated ports
• All ports in a non-Route Bridge are non- Designated ports
ROOT PORT
• The ports in which designated and Non-Designated ports communicate.
STP OPERATION
• BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), with the help of this packet, Root Bridge is elected.
• The Root Bridge is elected with comparing Bridge ID and Root ID.
• The lowest BPDU Root ID is the Root Bridge.
• Initially BPDU packets are sent to all switches.
• A Root Port is selected with the help of Path Cost.
• The port in which Path cost having lowest value is the Root port.
SWITCH COMPONENTS
• Processor
• Motherboard
• SMPS
• RAM
• NVRAM
• FLASH
• Switches typically have no power switch to turn them on and off. They simply connect or disconnect from a power source.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
• The command line interface of switch is same as that of a Router
• The Port interface is automatically assigned with IP and by default the status is up.
SWITCH PORT TYPES
1. Trunk A Switch to Switch connections are Trunk
2. Access PC- Switch connections are Access
SETTING ACCESS & TRUNK PORTSwitch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access (For Access Port)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
PORT SECURITY
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security
Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac address sticky
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
Switch# show port-security (To Verify)
VLAN• Switch is a single broadcast domain
• Converting a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domain is called Vlan.
• It is a virtual LAN created in a switch.
• Two types:-• 1- 1005 standard• 1006 – 4096 extended
• All ports in a switch comes under Vlan 1 or administrative vlan by default (name default)
• Mainly Vlan is implemented for logical grouping
• A device under one Vlan area will not communicate with other Vlan area
• Implements security
• Very fast network
CREATING VLANSwitch(config)#vlan 100
Switch(config-vlan)#name vlan100
• Assigning a port to vlan:-
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Or
Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100
• To remove:-
Switch(config)#no vlan 100
Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 100
ASSIGNING IP
Switch(config)#interface vlan 100
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shut down
VLAN IDENTIFICATION OR FRAME TAGGING• Adding Vlan ID to each frame containing the details of destination
Vlan ID is called Vlan Identification
• Trunk port is used to connect two switch which passes multiple Vlan information
• Access port is used to connect PC and switch which passes single Vlan information
• Types:-• ISL (Interlink Switch)- Encapsulation method of CISCO• IEEE 802.1Q or dot1Q- Open support all switches
ROUTER ON STICKIn Router:-
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.1
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 100
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.2
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.3
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0
Router(config-if)no shut down
In Switch:-
Switch(config)interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)switchport mode trunk
Switch#show interface trunk
VTP (VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL)• VTP is used to create domain environment in a switching network
• VTP modes:-• Server • Client• Transparent
• Cannot create, change, or delete VLANs
• Forwards advertisements
• Synchronizes VLAN configurations
• Does not save in NVRAM
• Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs
• Sends and forwards advertisements
• Synchronizes VLAN configurations
• Saves configuration in NVRAM
• Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs locally only
• Forwards advertisements
• Does not synchronize VLAN configurations
• Saves configuration in NVRAM
VTP DOMAIN
• VTP updates will not be received in switch which is having different domain name.
• It receives when domain name is same
Switch(config)#vtp domain NS (To create domain)
Switch(config)#vtp mode ? (To change the VTP mode)
CONFIGURATION REVISION NUMBER• A switch having higher revision number database overwrites to
another switch having lower revision number.
• To avoid this we make the switch which has higher revision number into transparent mode.
VTP PRUNING MODE
• This mode controls transferring unwanted updates from server to un manual switch.