ccna

Switch layer 2 switch is non manageable(plug -play) Layer 3 switch is manageable we can create VLAN .

90 % hold of CISCO on manageable switch .

D - LINK - router , switch, ADSL . NET GEAR router. IP LINK - router . 3 COM switch, router, access point . DELL switch . IBM software, hardware JUNIPER router, switch, software . HUBJONE - hub .

Router it is work on LAN & WAN . 70 % hold of CISCO on wan .Other device access point WIFI router IP phone It is a 1 % hold in CISCO CISCO OS & IOS IS software IOS in 0,1 form 16 bit of operating system It is define by WILLIAN YEAGER in 1998.

CCNA VOIP ,r/s ,wireless , security

CCNP - r/s - routing , switching troubleshoot ,Security ,CCDP , CCVOIP, wireless VOIP voice over internet protocol . It is telephone connection on internet . data is send in digital . it is a for delivery of voice communication on internet . Wireless - it is a wire less connection without wire

CCDP CISCO certified design professional

CCVOIP call center voice internet protocol

Protocol is 16 bit

Protocol are the way which used to perform the communication ,

They are responsible for end to end communication .

They are called set of rules or instruction Protocol is small piece of software .

Device used no. of protocols to perform the communication .

Communication protocol - it is used to communicate end to end . TCP/IP, UDP/IP, SPX , IPX open standard private route able non-route able LANN,WAN only LAN ROUTING PROTOCOL it is used to define path to reaches the destination . RIP EIGRP IGRP OSPF ISIS ROUTED PROTOCOL it is used to define source & destination . IP IPX TRANNSPORT PROTOCOL it is used to carry the routed protocol information . TCP UDP SPX

Application protocol it is used to increase reliably performance & security .

HTTP ,POP ,TELNET, TFTP, FTP, DNS, DHCP, SMTP, SSH , IMAP

HTTP hyper text transfer protocol. It is a use access web page . Port no.80

POP post office protocol . It is keep the track of mails on outlook only . Not on gmail . Port no. 110

TELNET - it is used to access to remote computer .port no. 23

FTP file transmit protocol . it is used to transmit file on TCP/IP . When FTP client is request to FTP server then establish TCP connection server port no. 21 .

TFTP trivial file transport protocol . It is a transfer small amounts data . port no.69 . DNS domain name system . It is provide domain name to IP . port no. 53 .

DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol . it is provide automatically IP to host . UDP Port no. 67 of server & UDP port no. 68 of client .

DHCP is work with DORA process D - discovery O offer R - request A acknowledge

IMAP internet message access protocol . It is used to keep track of mails on both gmail & outlook . Port no. 143 .

10

SMTP send mail transport protocol . It is used to send mail to remote computer . Port no. 25

SSH secure shell . It is used to access to remote computer with strong authentication & secure data communication b/w two computer over an secure network . Port no. 22 .

TCP - transmission control protocol .It is connection oriented .

Reliable & manage control flow .

Data travel in sequence .

port no. 6

In which data retransmit

In which protocol FTP, TELNT,

SMTP, DNS, HTTP, POP,

for example gmail .

UDP user datagram protocol .

It is a connectionless .

data travel not in sequence .

Port no. 17

In which data not retransmit .

In which protocol DNS, BOOTP, DHCP, TFTP,

SNMP, RIP, early version .

For example television .

SPX it is sequence packet exchange SPX is protocol for handling packet sequencing

in a novel net ware network .

It is send packet with IPX.

IPX internet protocol exchange .

It is a internet protocol from novel .

It is used to interconnect to internet for exchange packet .

when we want to connect two or more network using different network address then we have to use IP routing technique . Router will be used to perform routing b/w different network .

It is a define the packet forwarding rule to use when no specific route can be determined. For a given internet protocol.

It is used when we are not use protocol .then use default routing

Distance vector it is distance vector routing protocol .

It is find the best path to remote network by judging a distance .

Vector indicate direction to the remote network .

They send the entire routing table to directly connected neighbors.

The route with the least no. of hops to network is determine to be the best route .

Hop account is 15 .

Ad administrative distance . Lowest ad is used for select the best path when two or more different route to the same distance from different protocol .

For example RIP ,IGRP

Routing information protocol is a distance routing protocol . Rip takes the metric .

RIP send out the full routing table every periodic update .

In IP v6 RIP is called as RIPING .

RIP router transmitted full updates every 30 sec.

Rip used UDP port no.520

Update 30 sec

Invalid 180 sec , 180-30 = 150

Hold 180 240- 180= 60 flush - 240

It known as shortest path .

It is OSPF and open standard Route create three table

Neighbor table keep track of directly attached neighbors

Topology table in which each information about best path of entire network

Routing table - it track of best path of route of source to destination

It is a multicast update.

224.0.0.5 - BDR 224.0.0.6 - DR

Link state protocol

Metric bandwidth

Unlimited hop count

Equal path cost load balancing 4 path

Support authentication

Process id 65535 IP protocol Port no. 89

Ad no.110 Type of router Backbone router when router in area 0

ABR ROUTER - area border router . When it b/w area 1 and area 2 .

ASBR ROUTER - autonomous system border router . When connected two different protocol . OSPF and RIP .

Router id - it is manually specified .

When not manually specified , than the highest IP address configure on any loopback interface on router will become the router id .

If not loopback interface exit . Then highest IP configure on any physical interface will become the router id . DR AND BDR DR - it designated router . Selected one main router for control to full area .

BDR backup designated router . Selected other main router . when down link of DR .

First the look at router priority .

By default router priority is one .

We can change it If we need .

If router priority is same .

OSPF will look at highest router id for DR and BDR election .

if we set router is 0 , that router will not participate in DR/BDR election .

EIGRP enhanced interior routing protocol .

It is combination of distance vector & link state protocol .

Ad no. 90. port no. 88

EIGRP metric bandwidth , delay , load , reliability to determine the best path but by default metric bandwidth & delay .

classless routing protocol .

Support VLSM & subnetting .

Multicast 224.0.0.10

Manual route summarization 5

Hop count by default is 100

Maximum is 255 .

Neighbor discovery it is used for to know the presence of the neighboring router .

Hello messages send hello messages to connected router after 5 sec. with IP 224.0.0.10 .

when receive the messages check Parameter

pass the authentication process

2 Same autonomous system no. 3 Potential neighbor must be in the same subnet mask.

4 EIGRP k value must

match .

Neighbor table- keep information of neighbor table

Topology table - keep information of best path Of neighbor table

Routing table keep information of best pathOf source to destination Table of EIGRP protocol

Send update messages

Full update - EIGRP once time send messages full update Partial update when in feature down link or add new subnet then send partial update .

Than EIGRP use multicast address for multiple router .

EIGRP use UNICAST address for one router . Than for this work ,EIGRP have itself protocol RTP For when receiver not receive packet than again send 16 packet .Topology exchange

Simplicity EIGRP do the work with simplicity

Backup route EIGRP is keep best path as well as backup path .

Fast convergence when fail the router or network then EIGRP is find out another path .

Summarization you can summarization on any router .

Load balancing & unequal cost

Support multiple protocol routed protocol . IP , apple talk

EIGRP use DUAL for selecting and maintaining the best path to reach the remote network or destination . This algorithm allow for the follow .

Support of VLSM .

Back up route recoveries .

Queries for an alternate route if no route can be found . Diffusing update algorithm

Summarization it is help in reducing the size of the router table .it is MD 5 .

ACTIVE when successors is not present or find out feasible successors .

PASSIVE when successors or feasible successor is present .

Successors it is main router . Which connect to neighbor router .

Feasible successor - it is a neighbor router . Which connect to main router .

HELLO EIGRP use hello packets sent to neighbor router .

EIGRP route send to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.10 .

update packet it is used when a router discover a new neighbor , otherwise when topology change occur using partial update .

An EIGRP router send unicast update packet to that new neighbor . 3) Acknowledgment packet - an EIGRP router use acknowledgment packet to indicate provide acknowledgment of discover message

Packet of EIGRP

4) query packet an EIGRP router use query packet whenever it need specific information from one or all of its neighbors .

5) reply packet it is used to respond to a query . If an EIGRP router lose its successor and cannot find a feasible successor for a route .

Autonomous system it is a collection of network under a common administrative domain , which basically mean that all router sharing the same routing table information are in the same Ad.

As no.- 1 to 65535 total . 64152 to 64535 1 to 64151 public . private