CarbonPresented by Sarah and Jennifer

Period 611/14/08

Properties of Carbon

• The atomic symbol is C• The atomic number is 6

– The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

• The atomic mass is 12.01g– The mass number is the total protons

and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. • The freezing point is 3500°C• The boiling point is 4827°C

Electron Configuration Diagrams

• Carbon has 6 electrons, 6 neutrons, and 6 protons.

• The electron configuration of carbon is [He] 2s2 2p2

• The atomic radius is 77 pm or 0.91Å

• Its oxidation states are 4 and 2

Electron Configuration Diagrams (continued)

• The electron dot notation of carbon is: • The shell model of carbon is:

• The crystal structure is hexagonal and is represented as:

Carbon Compounds

• Graphite (2 types of graphite)• Alpha• Beta

• Diamond• Fullerines• “White” Carbon

– It was discovered in 1969. It is a transparent birefringent material.

Carbon Compounds

• One of the compounds that carbon forms is Carbon Dioxide. The reaction is as follows:

– C + 2O CO2

• Carbon dioxide, also knows as CO2, is commonly used in soda. It gives soda carbonation. When a soda is bottled, before it is sealed, the space at the top is filled with carbon dioxide. This bottle is under presser, which causes the carbon dioxide to dissolve into the soda. When the bottle is opened, the pressure is released causing the dissolved carbon dioxide to leave solution, creating bubbles.

Carbon dioxide Characteristics

• The chemical formula is CO2• The molecule weight is 44• The Triple point is -56°C 4.28 bar rel.• The sublimation temperature (atm) is 78.9°C• The critical temperature is 31°C• The critical pressure is 73.96 bar rel.• The sublimation heat at -78.9°C is 136,89 cal/kg• The specific weight in the gaseous phase at 0°C

and at atm is 1.977 kg/m³

Compounds in Food

• Acetic Acid– CH3COOH

• 10 million carbon compounds

– Carbohydrates• Can be found in many sugars including:

– Sucrose– Glucose– Fructose – Galactose

Carbohydrates

• Carbon is part of the essential nutrient carbohydrate. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose.

Isotopes of Carbon

• Carbon 14 is one isotope with a half life of 5715 years. It has been know to date materials such as wood.

Molecular Structure of Carbon

Facts about Carbon

• In 1990, the cost of carbon 13 was about $700 per gram

• It is abundant in the sun, stars, comets, and the atmospheres of most planets.

• Diamonds are a form of carbon. It is found in kimberlite of ancient volcanic ‘pipes’ found in South America.

Works Cited

• (2003 December 11). Carbon. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Web site: http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html

• Barbalace, Kenneth (2007 Febuary 22). Periodic Table of Elements - Carbon – C. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from EnvironmentalChemistry.com Web site: http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/C.html#Overview

Works Cited

• Carpi, Anthony Organic Chemistry. Retrieved November 6, 2008, from Vision Learning Web site: http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=60

• Gifford, Karl (1992 October 7). How is Soda Pop Carbonated?. Retrieved November 16, 2008, Web site: http://www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/100792.html

• Extinguisher. Retrieved November 16, 2008, from EUSEBI IMPIANTI Web site: http://www.pti.com.ua/node/104