Slide 1 of 23Chapter 20

GOHEL VISHAL H

LECTURER OF COMPUTER DEPTT.

GP BHUJ

MO.9638893297

Working with the BIOS / CMOS

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Objectives

Describe about motherboard BIOS Explain the Preboot Environment Explain BIOS packaging Define CMOS Upgrade the BIOS Describe BIOS Setup Utility Troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep

codes

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Motherboard BIOS - I

BIOS is a collection of programs embedded in one or more chips

Functions of BIOS

POST BIOS Bootstrap LoaderSetup

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Motherboard BIOS - II

POST – Tests computer’s processor, memory, chipset, video, adapter, disk controllers, disk drives, keyboard and other components

Setup – Enables you to configure the motherboard and chipset settings

BIOS - Collection of actual drivers which act as a basic interface between the OS and your hardware

Bootstrap Loader - Job of this program to load the OS from the floppy disk or the hard disk into the computer’s main memory (RAM)

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ROM Shadowing

Accesses to the BIOS code are very slow relative to accesses to code in the system memory

Technique that is used to increase the computer's speed

During this process the contents of a ROM are directly copied to the extended memory.

Extended memory is given the same address as that of the ROM. The original ROM is disabled and the new location is then write protected

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BIOS Manufacturer

AMIAwardPhoenixMR BIOS

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Accessing the BIOS

Phoenix BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Ctrl+Alt+F1 Ctrl+Alt+S Ctrl+Alt+Enter Ctrl+Alt+F11 Ctrl+Alt+Ins

Award BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Esc Del

AMI BIOS Del IBM BIOS F1, F2 or F10 Compaq BIOS F10

Table 20.1 – Keystrokes to Access BIOS

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Preboot Environment & Dual BIOS

Preboot environment is an environment in which various applications can run without requiring the presence of an operating system

Phoenix FirstBIOS have a common preboot environment with a graphical user interface

This enables a user to access the BIOS setup, extended diagnostics, a backup/restore application or a full recovery of the original system contents

On GIGABYTE motherboards with Dual BIOS there are physically two BIOS chips one is called "Primary" BIOS and the other is "Secondary" BIOS

If your "Primary" BIOS fails, the "Secondary" BIOS automatically takes over on your next system boot.

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Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - I Enables you to control and troubleshoot the system and the

different hardware components before loading the operating system

Types of BIOS chips• Rectangular shaped 32-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP)

• Square 28-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)

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Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - II Runs the power-on self-test (POST) when the system

starts

Receives signals from the hardware

Loads the custom settings from the CMOS that stores the BIOS settings

Displays the settings

Locates the bootable devices and loads the operating system from the bootable device

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Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

Memory chip located on the motherboard that stores the BIOS settings

Battery must be replaced when it becomes weak or you may lose the stored BIOS settings

Receives power from the battery that is installed on the motherboard

Clear the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS using the jumpers located on the motherboard or by removing the battery from the motherboard

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Backing up BIOS Settings To backup your BIOS, first you need to know your BIOS

company, which can be AMI, Award or Phoenix. Just pay attention to what appears on your computer screen just after you turn it on; the BIOS manufacturer name will be shortly displayed.

For AMI BIOS, Award or Phoenix BIOS, you can download the software

You need to unzip the downloaded file and copy the uncompressed file to a bootable floppy disk. You need to boot from this floppy, since the BIOS upgrading program does not run under Windows.

Some motherboard manufacturers have their own BIOS upgrade software, usually Windows-based. In this case, you can use the motherboard manufacturer software instead of the AMI, Award or Phoenix software.

Just perform the BIOS upgrade procedure and tell the programming software to write your current BIOS to a file.

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Upgrading the BIOS - I

Two ways forupgrading a

Motherboard BIOS

Replacing Physical BIOS Chip

Performing a Flash Update

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Performing a Flash Update

Download the BIOS software from the Internet. The software will be available in a zip file.

Unzip the file to a folder. Insert a blank floppy in the floppy disk drive. Run the .exe file from the folder. Follow the steps displayed by the wizard to create a

bootable BIOS update floppy disk. Restart the system with the BIOS update floppy disk

in the floppy disk drive and boot the system from floppy. The system will update the BIOS.

Restart the system and enter the BIOS to check if it is updated.

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BIOS Setup Utility

Enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS

Enables you to control the boot sequence Changes the BIOS setting to correct any hardware

problems

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BIOS Main Menu Page

Displays the different BIOS options which can be changed

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Standard CMOS Setup Page Enables you to set the basic settings of the system such as the

date and time, hard disk settings, and diskette drive settings

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Advanced Setup Page Enables you to access the advanced functions of the BIOS such as Boot Devices,

S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks, Boot Up Num-Lock, Floppy Drive Swap about the system

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Power Management Setup Page Sets the parameters such as Standby Time Out, Suspend

Time Out, Ring On Power On for the system power management operation

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PCI / Plug and Play Setup Page Enables the system to automatically search for new hardware connected to the

system Automatically search for the drivers to use the device

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Applying Settings

Applying Optimal settings enables to set the default options

Best Performance Settings enables to set BIOS options to make the system perform at best level

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Features Setup Page

Controls the built-in motherboard components

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CPU PnP Setup Page

Enables to change the microprocessor settings, to adjust the speed of the microprocessor

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Hardware Monitor Page

Displays the system hardware details Enables to monitor the system to prevent overheating

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Setting the BIOS Password

Protects the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS Password option from the Advanced Setup page

should be enabled Prompts to enter the password before accessing

the Setup Utility

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Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - I

Number of Beeps Solving Problem

1 Short Beep System OK. If system does not start check that the power and data cables are properly connected

2 / 3 / 4 Short Beeps Check that the RAM and Video Adapter cards are properly connected.

5 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly installed. Check that the microprocessor is properly installed.Replace the microprocessor or the motherboard.

6 Short Beeps Check or replace keyboard.

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Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - II

7 Short BeepsCheck the processor and heat sink are properly installed

8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.

9 Short Beeps Check that the BIOS chip is properly connected.Update or Replace the BIOS chip.

10 Short Beeps Replace the battery or CMOS chips.

11 Short Beeps Check the cache settings from BIOS and check that the Cache memory chip is properly connected.Replace the Cache memory chip.

1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly connected.

1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.

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Summary - I

BIOS software enables you to control and troubleshoot the system

Types of BIOS chips include Dual In-line Package and Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier

BIOS run the power-on self-test when the system starts

CMOS stores the BIOS settings Updating the BISO adds additional functions to the

BIOS and it also fixes all the errors and bugs in the BIOS

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Summary - II

BIOS Setup Utility enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS

The BIOS Setup Utility Main menu page displays different BIOS options that you can change

BIOS password used to protect the settings stored in CMOS

You can troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep codes.