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Phylum Arthropoda:Phylum Arthropoda:ArthropodsArthropodsChapter 28: Arthropodspp. 606-631
Biology fun facts of the day:
No two human beings have the same
fingerprint; likewise, no two spider webs are
the same.
Mosquitoes dislike
citronella because it
irritates their feet. You're
more likely to be a
target for mosquitoes if
you consume bananas.
Biology fun facts of the day:
Each year, insects eat 1/3 of the Earth's
food crop.
Biology fun facts of the day:
Australian termites have been
known to build mounds twenty
feet high and at least 100 feet
wide.
Biology fun facts of the day:
Introduction to ArthropodsIntroduction to ArthropodsPhylum Arthropoda - Latin arthro = “joint”, pod =
“foot”Bilateral symmetry3 cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)Have a coelom (reduced to the excretory and
reproductive systems)
Key features:Jointed appendagesExoskeleton (made of chitin)Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen
segments)◦ Probably evolved from segmented wormlike animals, similar to
modern annelids
Subphyla of ArthropodsSubphyla of Arthropods1) Subphylum Trilobita: ex: trilobites• Oldest subphylum, all extinct now, but ubiquitous for
many era.
2) Subphylum Chelicerata: ex: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs, etc.• Special mouthparts called chelicerae
3) Subphylum Crustacea: ex: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, etc.
• Over 35,000 species!
4) Subphylum Uniramia: ex: millipedes, centipedes, and all insects
• Huge group!
Form and Function of Form and Function of ArthropodsArthropodsArthropods vary a lot, but share some key features:
• Jointed appendages• Exoskeleton• Segmented body•Brain located in the dorsal part of the head•Ventral nerve cord•Open circulatory system powered by a single heart
*3 most important features*
Grasshopper diagram
Form and Function of Form and Function of ArthropodsArthropodsDigestive system: • Complete digestive tract (mouth anus)• Many arthropods have specialized
feeding parts• Every mode of feeding is seen
Examples:PredatorsFilter feedersParasitesScavengers (detritivores)Herbivores
etc.
Respiratory system: 1) Gills – feathery structures (ex: crustaceans)
2) Book gills/lungs – pagelike sheets of respiratory tissue
(ex: chelicerates)3) Tracheae – network of tubes that carry air (ex:
uniramians)
Circulatory system:• Open circulatory system• Well-developed heart pumps blood through
arteries, which branch into smaller vessels which lead to open spaces called sinuses
Excretory system: 1) Malpighian tubules (terrestrial arthropods) 2) Gills or green gland (aquatic arthropods)
Nervous system:• All arthropods have a brain that consists of
a pair of ganglia• Ventral nerve cord• Ganglia along nerve cord• Many sense organs may be present
Examples: Eyes (compound or simple) Antennae Statocysts Tympanic membrane Chemoreceptors
Musculoskeletal system:• Movement only at joints• Muscles attached to inside of
exoskeleton• Arthropods moult when they grow
because exoskeleton won’t expandFreshly moulted
crabCrab moult
Cicada moult
Babies look like miniature adults. They increase in size as they grow older, but do not change overall form.
Ex: grasshopper
Eggs hatch into larvae (immature stages that do not look like adults).As larvae grow, they change shape dramatically.
Ex: butterfly, bees, wasps
Ecology of ArthropodsEcology of Arthropods Arthropods are the bottom of the food chain (ex:
copepods)
Pollination – co-evolution with flowering plants
Symbiotic relationships (ex: cleaner shrimp and fish)
Food source for humans (especially crustaceans)
Useful chemicals
Honey, silk
Disease carriers (ex: mosquitoes, mites, ticks)
Crop destruction, pesticides
Video – “Arthropods”
Homework for next class:Homework for next class:Complete Phylum Arthropoda worksheet
Read over class notes and check out the class blog: http://msoonscience.blogspot.com/
Works CitedWorks CitedImages taken from the following
sources:http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Oct04/insects.openhouse.ssl.html
http://www.cracked.com/funny-1934-spiders/
http://www.police.oakland.edu/fingerprints
http://www.kiwicare.co.nz/index.cfm/1,182,0,0,html/No-Mosquitoes-Citronella-Candle
http://www.dealspice.com/
http://www.gardenguides.com/789-corn-rootworm-information.html
http://www.ent.uga.edu/veg/colecrops.htm
http://www.the-discount-travel-guide.com/Kakadu-National-Park.html
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/160/160S10_13print.html
http://www.thepoisonforest.com/?tag=trilobite
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/01/deadly-scorpion-venom-used-create-new-safer-pesticide.php
http://stirwordfest.wordpress.com/book-lung/
http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_insects/GrasshopperHead.htm
Works CitedWorks Citedhttp://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/crustacea/moulting.htm
http://squirrelbasket.wordpress.com/2010/07/04/words-fledge-fletch-moult-mews-%E2%80%93-and-mould/
http://rohlenscience.pbworks.com/w/page/7859192/Insects-Notes
http://www.buyinsectcollection.com/identifying_insects
http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/content/knowhow/glossary/honey/
http://www.livingprairie.ca/livinglandscape/hikes/index.html
http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1532R-3016
http://www.raisethehammer.org/article/640
http://www.chacha.com/topic/arthropods
http://www.nooor.com/search/Invertebrate/&p=13