- 1. APACHE
- An open source web server. Mostly for Unix, Linux and Solaris
platforms
- 2. In 2009 it became the first web server software to surpass
the 100 million web site milestone.
3. Apache is the most popular web server on the net. 4. It is
very secure, fast, and reliable. 5. The name "Apache" derives from
the word "patchy" that the Apache developers used to describe early
versions of their software. 6.
- Implements many frequently requested features, including:
- DBM databases for authentication
7. Customized responses to errors and problems 8. Virtual Hosts
9. Multiple DirectoryIndex directives 10. It has been tested
thoroughly by both developers and users. 11. APACHE WEB SERVER The
Apache Web server provides a full range of Web server features,
including CGI, SSL, and virtual domains.Apache also supports
plug-in modules for extensibility. 12.
- The Apache WebServer has
- HTTP
13. IIS 14. SSL 15. The Apache Web server has been ported to
Windows and other network operating systems (NOS).The Apache HTTP
Server is web server softwarenotable for playing a key role in the
initial growth of the World Wide Web. 16.
- HTTP is an Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
17. It provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to
communicate. 18. The definition of HTTP is a technical
specification of a network protocol that software must implement.
19. HTTP is an application layer network protocol built on top of
TCP. HTTP 20.
- HTTP clients (such as Web browsers) and servers communicate via
HTTP request and response messages.
21. The three main HTTP message types are 22. GET, POST, and
HEAD. 23. HTTP utilizes TCP port80by default 24. Though other ports
such as 8080 can alternatively be used. 25. The HTTP also includes
26. ARP 27. DHCP 28. FTP 29.
- ARP
- ARP converts an Internet Protocol (IP) address to its
corresponding physical network address.
30. ARP is a low-level network protocol, operating at Layer 2 of
the OSI model. 31. ARP usually is implemented in the device drivers
of network operating systems. 32. It is most commonly seen on
Ethernet networks, ATM, Token Ring, and other physical networks.
33. DHCP
- DHCP allows a computer to join an IP-based network without
having a pre-configured IP address.
34. DHCP is a protocol that assigns unique IP addresses to
devices, then releases and renews these addresses as devices leave
and re-join the network. 35. FTP
- FTP allows you to transfer files between two computers on the
Internet.
36. FTP is a simple network protocol based on Internet Protocol.
37. SSL
38. SSL security technology helps to improve the safety of
Internet communications. 39. SSL is a standard for encrypted
client/server communication between network devices. 40. A network
protocol, SSL runs on top of TCP/IP. 41.
- SSL utilizes several standard network security techniques
including public keys, symmetric keys, and certificates. Web sites
commonly use SSL to guard private information such as credit card
numbers.
42. CONFIGURATION Instead of using a point-and-click graphic
user interface (GUI) or Windows Registry keys as most other modern
software packages, Apache generally relies on simple text files for
its configuration settings. 43. Configuring Files Apache uses a
system of three text files for managing its configuration data. All
three of these files (almost always) appear in Apache's ./conf
directory and are designed to be edited by system
administrators:
- httpd.conf for general settings
44. srm.conf for resource settings 45. access.conf for security
settings 46.
- In the most recent versions of Apache, the default installation
has changed.
47. The httpd.conf is treated as the "master" configuration file
and it contains all of the settings. 48. Both srm.conf and
access.conf still exist in the installation, but they contain no
settings and are empty except for some comments. 49. Like many
UNIX-style programs, Apache will not re-read the .conf files after
the Web server starts running. 50. After making changes, an
administrator must restart Apache for the new settings to take
effect. 51.
- The httpd.conf contained general settings such as
theServerNameand Port number.
52. These entries appear as follows in the file: 53.
ServerNamecompnetworking.about.com Port80 54. The term "httpd"
stands forHTTP Daemon . 55.
- This file contains a number of other entries (technically
called directives), but for most of these, modifications are
optional.
56. The most useful of these entries is ServerAdmin -- it allows
the administrator to set the email address that will be displayed
onerror pages (such a "404 pages")in the client's browser, giving
users a way to contact someone if a site problem occurs:
ServerAdmin [email protected] 57. Running Apache
- Apache does not run from the inetd super server as many other
network servers do.
58. It is configured to run standalone for better performance
for incoming HTTP requests from client web browsers. 59. A shell
script wrapper is included to make starting, stopping, and
restarting the server as simple as possible. 60. To start up Apache
for the first time, just run: 61. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start
62.
- You can stop the server at any time by typing:
63. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl stop 64. After making changes to
the configuration file for any reason, you will need to restart the
server: 65. # /usr/local/sbin/apachectl restart 66. To restart
Apache without aborting current connections, run: 67. #
/usr/local/sbin/apachectl graceful 68. *The family of .conf files
supports most, but not all of Apache's configuration options.
*Other important mechanisms for managing an Apache Web server
include the
69. the mime.types file, 70. and the family of log files.
