National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The Evolvable Mars Campaign

John Guidi Advanced Exploration Systems NASA/HEOMD May 12, 2015

Going to Stay

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NASA Strategic Plan Objective 1.1

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Expand human presence into the solar system and to the surface of Mars to advance exploration, science, innovation, benefits to humanity, and international collaboration.

NASA Strategic Plan Objective 1.5

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Ascertain the content, origin, and evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere.

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Achieving Alignment for Pioneering Space

HUMAN EXPLORATION & OPERATIONS

(HEOMD)

SCIENCE (OCS/SMD)

TECHNOLOGY (OCT/STMD)

AERO (ARMD)

EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS

Office of Communications

Legislative Affairs

Commercial & International Partners • Other Government Agencies • Citizen Innovators

Human  Explora-on  Studies  Beyond  LEO  -­‐  Toward  Mars    

1980   1990   2000   2010  

Leadership  and  

America’s  Future  in  Space  

Na-onal  Commission  on  Space  

NASA  Case  Studies  

National A er onautics and Space Administration

Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Explora tion of the Moon and Ma rs

November 1989

America  at  the  

Threshold  

90-­‐Day  Study  

First  Lunar  Outpost  

Mars  Design  Reference  Mission  1.0  

Mars  Design  Reference  Mission  3.0  

DPT  /  NEXT  

Explora-on  Blueprint  

Mars  Design  Reference  Architecture  

5.0  

Review  of  U.S.  HSF  Plans  CommiRee  

Challenger  

Constella-on  Program  

Lunar  Architecture  

Team  

Global  Explora-on  Roadmaps,  V1,  V2  Explora-on  

System  Architecture  

Study  

Bush  41  Speech  

Bush  43  Speech  

Columbia  

Obama  Speech  

6  Slide  credit  –  B  Drake,  JSC  

2013   2015  

Common  Findings  from  Mul-ple  Studies  

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Key  Capabili-es  for  the  Human  Explora-on  of  Mars  Common  Findings  from  Mul-ple  Studies  

500 Days

1,100 Days

Maximum  surface  stay  for  any  given  mission  

Total  -me  crew  is  away  from  Earth  

Heavy-­‐LiZ  Mass  130 t

Highest  Orion  Earth  entry  speed  

12 km/s

Ability  to  land  large  payloads  

20-30 t Multiple Launches  per  

mission  

Total  con-nuous  transporta-on  power  

100-200 kWe

Oxygen  produced  for  ascent  to  orbit  

20 t Distance  for  long-­‐range  rou-ne  explora-on  

100 km

Maximum  two-­‐  44 min

way  communica-on  -me  delay  

Capabilities for Pioneering Space: Steps on the Journey to Mars

ISS  

Cis-­‐lunar  Short  

Stay  (e.g.  ARM)  

Cis-­‐lunar  Long  Stay  

Mars  Orbit  

Mars  Surface,  Short  Stay  

Mars  Surface,  Long  Stay  

Working  in  Space  

and  On  Mars  

In  Situ  Resource  UJlizaJon  &  Surface  Power   X  

Surface  Habitat  &  Mobility   X   X  

Human/RoboJc  &  Autonomous  Ops   X   X   X   X   X  

ExploraJon  EVA   X   X   X   X   X  

Staying  He

althy   Crew  Health   X   X   X   X   X   X  

Environmental  Control  &  Life  Support   X   X   X   X   X   X  

RadiaJon  Safety   X   X   X   X   X  

TransportaJo

n  

Ascent  from  Planetary  Surfaces   X   X  

Entry,  Descent  &  Landing   X   X  

In-­‐space  Power  &  Prop  (incl.  SEP,  Hybrid)   X   X   X   X   X  

Beyond  LEO:  SLS  (w/  EUS)  &  Orion   X   X   X   X   X  

To  LEO:  Commercial  Cargo  &  Crew   X  

Comm  &  NavigaJon   X   X   X   X  

Capability  

Mission            

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Evolvable Mars Campaign EMC Goal: Define a pioneering strategy and operational capabilities that can

extend and sustain human presence in the solar system including a human journey to explore the Mars system starting in the mid-2030s.

•  Identify a plan that: –  Expands human presence into the solar system to advance exploration, science,

innovation, benefits to humanity, and international collaboration.

–  Provides different future scenario options for a range of capability needs to be used as guidelines for near term activities and investments

•  In accordance with key strategic principles •  Takes advantage of capability advancements •  Leverages new scientific findings •  Flexible to policy changes

–  Identifies linkages to and leverage current investments in ISS, SLS, Orion, ARM, EAM, technology development investments, science activities

–  Emphasizes prepositioning and reuse/repurposing of systems when it makes sense •  Use location(s) in cis-lunar space for aggregation and refurbishment of systems

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Internal analysis team members: –  ARC, GRC, GSFC, HQ, JPL, JSC,

KSC, LaRC and MSFC –  HEOMD, SMD, STMD, OCS and OCT

External inputs from: -  International partners, industry,

academia, SKG analysis groups

Strategic Principles for Sustainable Exploration •  Implementable in the near-term with the buying power of current budgets and in

the longer term with budgets commensurate with economic growth;

•  Exploration enables science and science enables exploration, leveraging robotic expertise for human exploration of the solar system

•  Application of high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) technologies for near term missions, while focusing sustained investments on technologies and capabilities to address challenges of future missions;

•  Near-term mission opportunities with a defined cadence of compelling and integrated human and robotic missions providing for an incremental buildup of capabilities for more complex missions over time;

•  Opportunities for U.S. commercial business to further enhance the experience and business base;

•  Multi-use, evolvable space infrastructure, minimizing unique major developments, with each mission leaving something behind to support subsequent missions; and

•  Substantial international and commercial participation, leveraging current International Space Station and other partnerships.

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EMC  Split  Mission  Concept  

Pre-­‐Deploy  Cargo  First  

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Split  Mission  Concept  

Crew  to  Mars  Orbit  

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Split  Mission  Concept  

Crew  Return  to  Earth  

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Split  Mission  Concept  

EMC  –  Major  Results  to  Date    • Regardless  of  Mars  vicinity  des-na-on,  common  capability  developments  are  required  -  Mars  vicinity  missions  selecJon  not  required  before  2020  

• ISS  provides  cri-cal  Mars  mission  capability  development  placorm  • Lunar  DRO  is  efficient  for  aggrega-on  and  poten-al  refurbishment  due  to  stable  environment  -  Use  of  gravity  assist  trajectories  enable  use  of  DRO  

• Orion  Block  1  is  sufficient  for  Mars  architectures  with  reusable  habitats  • SLS  co-­‐manifested  cargo  capability  increases  value  of  crewed  missions  and  improves  cadence    • Deep-­‐space  habita-on  serves  as  ini-al  star-ng  point  regardless  of  des-na-on  • ARV  derived  SEP  vehicle  can  serve  as  an  effec-ve  tool  for  human  Mars  missions  -  Reusability  can  enable  follow-­‐on  use  in  cis-­‐lunar  space  -  Refuelability  under  study  to  enable  Mars  system  follow-­‐on  use  -  Current  SEP  evolvability  enables  Mars  system  human  missions    

• Mars  Phobos  /Deimos    as  ini-al  Mars  vicinity  mission  spread  out  development  costs  and  meets  policy  objec-ves  of  Mars  vicinity  in  2030’s  -  Common  crew  transportaJon  between  Mars  Phobos  /  Deimos  and  Mars  Surface  

staging  -  Phobos  provides  35%  reducJon  of  radiaJon  exposure  compared  to  other  Mars  orbit  

missions  -  Provides  ability  to  address  both  exploraJon  and  science  objecJves  

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Human  Explora-on  Studies  Beyond  LEO  -­‐  Toward  Mars    

1980   1990   2000   2010  

Leadership  and  

America’s  Future  in  Space  

Na-onal  Commission  on  Space  

NASA  Case  Studies  

National A er onautics and Space Administration

Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Explora tion of the Moon and Ma rs

November 1989

America  at  the  

Threshold  

90-­‐Day  Study  

First  Lunar  Outpost  

Mars  Design  Reference  Mission  1.0  

Mars  Design  Reference  Mission  3.0  

DPT  /  NEXT  

Explora-on  Blueprint  

Mars  Design  Reference  Architecture  

5.0  

Review  of  U.S.  HSF  Plans  CommiRee  

Challenger  

Constella-on  Program  

Lunar  Architecture  

Team  

Global  Explora-on  Roadmaps,  V1,  V2  Explora-on  

System  Architecture  

Study  

Bush  41  Speech  

Bush  43  Speech  

Columbia  

Obama  Speech  

18  Slide  credit  –  B  Drake,  JSC  

2013   2015  

EMC  

The  First  Step  in  Explora-on  

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Interna-onal  Space  Sta-on  

Advanced  Life  Support  Human  Health  Research   Technology  Demonstra-on  

Logis-cs  Management   Maintenance  &  Repair   Interna-onal  Collabora-on  

Making  Real  Progress  

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SLS,  Orion,  and  Ground  Opera-ons  

Orion   Space  Launch  System   Ground  Opera-ons  

Documen-ng  the  J2M/EMC:  Pioneering  Space  • Integrated  agency-­‐level  document  that  ar-culates  NASA’s  top-­‐level  explora-on  strategy,  encompassing  robo-cs,  human  opera-ons,  and  technology  developments  over  the  near-­‐  and  far-­‐term.  Purpose  is  to:  

—  Illustrate  how  the  acJviJes  being  implemented  across  the  agency  contribute  to  an  integrated  exploraJon  strategy  

— Succinctly  communicate  our  overall  EMC  strategy  of  sustainable  expansion  of  human  presence  across  the  solar  system.  Leave  details  with  tailored  documents  and  established  processes  within  HEOMD  and  the  Agency  

— Show  technically  implementable  ways,  verified  by  the  EMC,  to  achieve  human  exploraJon  beyond  low  Earth  orbit.    

 

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•  Target Audience is: –  Internal NASA exploration team members – agency-wide – should be able to use this document

to explain to an external audience how their work fits in the larger context of PS. –  Informed, nontechnical policy makers and decision makers – White House, Congressional

staffers, domestic aerospace industry executives –  International space agencies –  Advisory and special groups

•  Pioneering Space document will be used to create other communication tools and techniques for the general public, formal programs and projects and other media

 

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