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This presentation was gived during the 2011 Israeli Systems Engineering Conference. The presentation argues that the complexity of Systems Integration call for creative Systems Integrators.
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The Sixth National Conference INCOSE_IL 2011
Systems Integration Session
Need for Creativity in Systems Integration
Sergey Tozik
Bernard M. Gordon Center for Systems Engineering, Technion
Integration is…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011. 2
Unavoidable – there is always an integrator
Starts late, ends very late
Always full of surprises
Sometimes is on the verge of chaos
Frequently “saved by a hero”
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.3
Element 1
Element 2
Element 3
1+2
Product
Integration
Integration
Simple?
There is more…
Business
System
More than just product…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011. 4
Product Operators
UsersPart Part
System
System
More than one way to do it…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.5
Diverse Integration Processes
• Planned (Company Procedures and Standards)• Tailored for specific projects• Ad-hoc (Manage it as it goes)
Diverse organizational structures
• Professional integration teams• Ad-hoc teams lead by professional integrator• Ad-hoc team led by discipline specialist or subsystem engineer
Diverse Engineering Approaches
• Classics: Functional and Structural• By user feature• By specialty discipline
More than just tests…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011. 6
Core – Integration Labs, Tests Planning, Performing, Reporting
Logistics (Flow of people, parts and materials)
Management of people & work, status reporting
Information and Knowledge Flow Management
Resources Acquisition, Management and Reporting
More than just technology…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.7
There is adaptation…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.8
Level 1: Product Adaptation
• Co-evolution of the product and the stakeholders’ requirements• Evolution of prototypes through integration and tests
Level 2: System Adaptation
• Operators adapt to the system• Operators’ dissatisfaction causes changes in systems
Level 3: Business Adaptation
• Systems are deployed as assets of the acquiring organization• The assets are combined in creative ways to perform missions• New types of missions change the operational processes
Diversity…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.9
Diverse cultures of engineering
Diversity of people – skills, disciplines, habits
Diversity of design alternatives
Network of mutual influences…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.10
Parts
System-of-interest
Super-system
Operational Missions
PartsDevelopers
System Integrators
System Operators
Super-system
Integrators Stakeholders
Social Environment
NaturalEnvironment
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.11
System Integration
is Complex Adaptive System
Diversity
AdaptationInterconnectivity
andMutual Influence
Large Scale Crises
UnpredictableRobustn
ess
Flexibility
There are tools…
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.12
Model-based Systems Engineering
• Integrate models (in vitro) not parts (in vivo)• Integrate earlier• Model system users and business processes
Iterative development
• Find and fix problems fast• Cover all three levels of integration
There is still a need for “creative integrator”
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.13
Creative Integrator
Diversity
AdaptationInterconnectivity
andMutual Influence
Diversity
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Use different sources of information
Use different types of tests
Use different styles of reporting
Use different types of modeling
Networking
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 2011.15
Build ad-hoc teams
Mobilize cooperation of users
Mobilize cooperation of developers
Facilitate information exchange
Adaptation
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Adapt reporting to different purposes
Adapt integration approaches
Never stop to learn
Adjust levels of detail and abstraction
Move across levels of integration
Conclusions
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Integration process is complex adaptive system
The human side of integration is generally overlooked
There is a need for creativity in integration
Creative Integrators have to be complex and adaptive
Systems Integration / The Complexity of Systems Integration/March 201118
Beat Complexity With Creativity!
Any answers?
