A Little Talk about Sane Progress

Jan Radil jan.radil@cesnet.cz CEF Networks 2014

A Little Talk about Sane Progress

• We are tired after two days of technical topics. • This is the very last presentation. • And this is the 8th CEF Networks Workshop. • Was thinking about some off-topic themes. • Are we happy with the results of CEFs? • Are there any substantial proofs we are right? • So now...it is time for something completely

different.

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress

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Youtube.com

A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org

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The Opte Image has always been free for non-commercial purposes and is covered under the creative commons license.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org

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www.morguefile.com

A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org

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plus some filtering in GIMP, www.gimp.org

A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org

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plus some more filtering in GIMP, www.gimp.org

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u28ijlP6L6M

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Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed).

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html

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Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm. Inspired by the Internet mapping efforts of the Opte Project, I decided to investigate how does the network of musicians

look like. Basically: this is a graph representation of the similarity relationships derived from the database of Last.fm.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html

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Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html

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Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html

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Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.

Great musicians are hidden in this diagram somewhere – really great artists but they are not mainstream. Can we find some similar diagram/graph?

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net

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The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net

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The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net

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The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.

Great webs are hidden in this diagram somewhere – really advanced but they are not mainstream. Can we find some similar diagram/graph once again?

A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://www.le.ac.uk/physics/faulkes/web/images/hrcolour.jpg

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The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – stars.

A Little Talk about Sane Progress

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress

• Are there any similarities in these pictures? Stars, web pages/servers, musicians?

• The same life-cycles? Giants, novas, dwarfs, black holes?

• Deformated/transformed sunflowers – similar concepts used to overcome the Nyquist criterion with the Anamorphic Stretch Transform (M.H. Asghari, B.Jalali) – The AST used in 1931 by one S.Dalí La persistència de

la memòria.

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress

S.Dalí La persistència de la memòria

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• http://www.hybridcars.com/will-america-avoid-europes-clean-diesel-problems/

• The European Union admitted two months ago (Dec 2013) its emission policies have been ineffective for two decades.

• Rising EU NOx levels despite quadruple-strength restrictions against them. • Janez Potocnik, member of the European Commission in charge of

Environment said in December 2013 that since 1992 Euro 1 through Euro 5 regulations have failed to spur improved diesel emissions, particularly regarding NOx.

• “The actual situation is such that the [emissions] performance on the street today its basically somewhere around the level of the standards that were set in Euro 1. This was by the way, in 1992.”

• He said stricter “Euro 6” regulations to replace Euro 5 this September must correct this.

• Really? Euro 6 will correct this? With ‚the air assisted urea injection‘? • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/clean_air/Impact_assessment_

en.pdf - this link does not work anymore 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 20

A Little Talk about Sane Progress Automotive industry and dangerous emissions (not CO2)

• http://www.hybridcars.com/will-america-avoid-europes-clean-diesel-problems/

• The European Union admitted two months ago (Dec 2013) its emission policies have been ineffective for two decades.

• Rising EU NOx levels despite quadruple-strength restrictions against them. • Janez Potocnik, member of the European Commission in charge of

Environment said in December 2013 that since 1992 Euro 1 through Euro 5 regulations have failed to spur improved diesel emissions, particularly regarding NOx.

• “The actual situation is such that the [emissions] performance on the street today its basically somewhere around the level of the standards that were set in Euro 1. This was by the way, in 1992.”

• He said stricter “Euro 6” regulations to replace Euro 5 this September must correct this.

• Really? Euro 6 will correct this? With ‚the air assisted urea injection‘? • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/clean_air/Impact_assessment_

en.pdf - this link does not work anymore 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 21

A Little Talk about Sane Progress Automotive industry and dangerous emissions (not CO2)

• Clouds – something new or not? Security issues. Celebrities. ‚Much Ado About Nothing‘?

• 100G (and perhaps 400G) networks – compensation of chromatic dispersion, again?

• Is 10x10G more expensive than 1x100G? Today? Or tomorrow?

• What about Optical Transport Networks (OTN) – do we need it? Could we live with SONET/SDH today?

• ‚Habit is a second nature‘?

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress Now back to networking...

• Clouds – something new or not? Security issues. Celebrities and their photos.

• Too ‚Much Ado About Nothing‘? • Just computers connected together. Or not? • Who is responsible and for what? • Criticism from Richard Stallman and Larry Ellis. • Ready for 100G->400G transition? 3000km vs

500km reach is reality. Do we move Clouds? • Do we need Clouds? Wise, rational, sane?

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress Clouds

• 100G quite common in today. First coherent 100G systems in 2009.

• Networks without compensation of chromatic dispersion not to limit 100G optical reach – THE recommendation from vendors.

• Great, but 10G (non coherent) not possible to deploy. • So for distances more than 80km, only 100G coherent

will work. • Can we have 100G anywhere? Can we afford it? Who

will pay for this? Waste of (tax payers) money? • Wise, rational, sane?

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds

• Chongjin Xie, Bell Labs: Suppression of Inter-Channel Nonlinearities in WDM Coherent PDM-QPSK Systems Using Periodic-Group-Delay Dispersion Compensators, ECOC 2009, Paper P4.08.

• Conclusions: We have shown that using PGD dispersion compensators in a dispersion-managed system can significantly improve the inter-channel nonlinear tolerance of coherent PDM-QPSK signals and make the dispersion-managed system perform better than the system with electronic dispersion compensation.

• Periodic-Group-Delay Dispersion Compensators = new kind of compensators (PGD is not Dispersion Compensating Fibre DCF)

• PGD is completely passive – it is just fibre, from few cm to few metres in length

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds

http://www.teraxion.com/images/stories/pdf/White_paper_HLDC_v5.pdf. Benoit Maheux-Lacroix, TeraXion, High Level Dispersion Compensator for Ultra Long-Haul Coherent Detection Links, 2012.

Used with permission.

Compensation of chromatic dispersion with Fibre Bragg Gratings FBG. This is not possible with DCFs.

• 400G available today • Optical reach limited to 500-700km – want to be frank: CD plus noise. • They say you can‘t have both bandwidth and reach:

– http://blog.infinera.com/2014/01/06/coherent-technology-you-cant-have-too-much-of-a-good-thing/#more-1073 (400G to 4x100G demultiplexing with OTN)

– www.research.att.com/techdocs/TD_101176.pdf (reality we have to accept) • So your 100G network is designed for 2000km reach, with 400G upgrade

you have 500km (numbers just examples) • What are you goint to do? • Move your Big Data Centres, Users,...? • Move CERN, FNAL, radiotelescopes arrays,...? • Deploy ‚400G regenerators‘ (back to back transponders - $$$$$$$$$$)? • Regenerators were used with 2.5G SDH/SONET systems back in 2000.

Going in circles (ITU SDH -> ITU OTN)? Like air pollution back in 1992??? • Wise, rational, sane?

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress 400G speeds

• They say 10x10G is more expensive than 1x100G. • Yes or no? 10G transceiver $ vs 100G transceiver $$$.

Usual prices. • But if 10G transceiver is made 15x more expensive than is

usual, 100G may pay off. • Artificial increase of 10G prices – to make 100G a viable

option today. Not valid for future of course. • Would you buy LEDs, apples or tyres 15x more expensive

than usual prices? Waste of (tax payers) money? • Wise, rational, sane?

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress Is 10x10G more expensive than 1x100G? Today? Or tomorrow?

• OTN is very similar to SDH (ITU). • Perhaps OTN should be called SDHv3 (SDHv2 is SDH with

LCAC/VCAT), timing (the synchronous feature) constraints more relaxed...OTN not so Synchronous anymore.

• Is OTN super-high-speed PDH only? (PlesiochronousDH was before SynchronousDH).

• Do we need it? They say it is necessary for subwavelength (less than 100G? 10G?) granularity.

• But DWDM transceivers 1-10G are cheap and available for ‚subwavelength‘ granularity. OTN switch is not cheap.

• Are we (NRENs) going to sell 100x1G ‚circuits‘ as known from Ethernet over SDH/SONET? If yes, we do need OTN.

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress What about Optical Transport Network (OTN) – is needed?

• One prime example - TCP over long distance. • Heard even during CEF2014 about issues with

performance when connecting two end stations. • TCP? Writing/reading discs, memories? Something

else? The root of all evil not known (not possible to repeat experiments etc etc).

• To repeat experiments in some lab? To be sure what the problem is?

• 400GE – why not 200GE? Or 500GE? 4x from SONET...but 100% consensus in IEEE HSE

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress Other topics do exist

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress ‚Habit is a second nature‘?

• In Czech it is ‚Habit is an iron shirt‘. – Perhaps it should be an iron maiden:-)

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress

Thank you for patience.