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Module #1 pages 14 – 17
Protein synthesis – the process by which cells make proteins
Protein synthesis occurs in two steps
Step #1 transcription
Step #2 is translation
Step 1. Transcription
Takes place in the nucleus of the cell
DNA unwinds
mRNA is synthesized (made)
mRNA is a single strand vs. DNA which is a double strand of nucleic acid
In mRNA thymine is replaced by uracil in the mRNA
http://www.lba.cnptia.embrapa.br/Bioinf/gui/content/tools/fasta/transcription.gif
Transcription
Step #2: TranslationmRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasmmRNA joins with a ribosome
Codons are translated into particular amino acids
Amino acids are carried by transfer RNA to the site of the ribosome where the anticodon of the tRNA and codon of the mRNA bond
Two amino acids then are forced to line up beside one another and a chemical process involving enzymes link the amino acids together two at a time by forming a peptide bond
This happens over and over again until a large protein is formed
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Translation.gif