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5.3
Mass: the amount of matter in an object Measured using metric units (grams or
kilograms) You can use a pan balance to measure mass Which block has more mass?
Mass and weight aren’t the same Weight is the measure of gravity’s pull on
you▪ Your weight on the moon is 1/6 your weight on Earth
▪ How much would someone weigh on the moon if they weighed 120 pounds on Earth?
▪ It doesn’t matter if you are on the Earth or the moon, your mass stays the same
Volume: the amount of space taken up by an object You can measure the volume of solids,
liquids, and gases▪ V = length × width × height▪ V = 5 cm × 4 cm × 3 cm▪ V = 20 × 3▪ V = 60 cm³
1. Fill a beaker or graduated cylinder with water and note the volume
2. Then, place the object in the beaker or graduated cylinder
3. Note the new reading and find the difference between the two volumes
23 – 20 = 3 cm³
20 mL
23 mLvolume of the rock
Liquids have a definite volume, but they take the shape of their containers
These two glasses of orange juice look different but they contain the same volume of juice!
Gases spread out to fill their containers
The volume of gas is the same as the size of its container
Density: the measurement of how heavy something is for its size
Density = Mass ÷ Volume D = 180 g ÷ 60 cm³ D = 3 g/ cm³
Volume = 60 cm³
Mass = 180 g
Atoms: the smallest parts that make up matter Protons: exist in the center, or nucleus, of an atom
▪ Have a positive charge▪ The number of protons identifies the atom (atomic number)
Neutrons: exist in the center, or nucleus, of an atom ▪ Have no charge (neutral)
Electrons: move around the nucleus of an atom▪ Have a negative charge
Everything is made up of atoms!