42629 lecture 4 pt4

Fixation & Creativity Sum-UpThomas J Howard & Morten Friis Olivariushttps://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/[email protected]

Unless otherwise stated, this material is under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution–Share-Alike licence and can be freely modified, used and redistributed but only under the same licence and if including the following statement:

“Material compiled for course 42629 – Innovation and Product Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark”

https://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/

mailto:[email protected]

2012Material compiled for course 42629 – Innovation and Product Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark

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Measuring Cup: Jansson & Smith’s Results----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Control Fixation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Number of designs per group 2.8 2.9

• Number of incrementally variable designs 57% 78%

• Number without overflow devices 17% 54%

• Number highly similar to example 7% 50%

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Spill-Proof Cup: Jansson & Smith’s Results----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


• Number designs that leak 30% 39%

• Number designs with a straw 1% 17%

• Number designs with a mouthpiece 10% 39%

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Bicycle Rack: Jansson & Smith’s Results----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


• Number top mounted designs 59% 71%

• Number with suction cups 6% 54%

• Number with tyre rails 15% 48%

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Questions

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Creativity and problem solvingThomas J. Howardhttps://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/[email protected]

Unless otherwise stated, this material is under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution–Share-Alike licence and can be freely modified, used and redistributed but only under the same licence and if including the following statement:

“Original material by Thomas J. Howard for course 42629 – Innovation and Product Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark”

https://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/

mailto:[email protected]


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The Double Diamond Process

Divergent phases are where creativity is required the most to generate and synthesise new ideas


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Sources

TRIZ – Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Altshuler 90

Hands on Systematic Innovation – Darrell Mann


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Phase 1 Creativity

How to find the right problem and project


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Phase 1 Creativity

3 methods that help you to decide which project to choose and which problem to solve:

– S-Curve analysis– 9 Windows operator– Ideal final result


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S-Curves: Maturity of the Technology

Darrell Mann


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S-Curves: Road-mapping the future

Darrell Mann


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9 Windows: Which problems to solve

Darrell Mann


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9 Windows: Swimming pool lane dividers

Lane dividers in operation

Swimming pool, users,

water

Lane divider float and

cable

Assemble parts and customise

Storage, installation, tensioning

Manufacture of

components

Disassembly and

maintenance

Corrosion, loosening,

drying

Re-use, re-cycle,

disposal

Darrell Mann


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Current solution space

Increasing range of options

Alternative solution space

Clothes that clean themselves

Clean clothes without washing powder

Re-usable washing powder

Clean clothes without water

Reuse of washing water

Clean clothes without washing

machine

Etc…

Ideal Final Result

Jamie O’Hare


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time

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Phase 2 Creativity

How to generate and search for solutions


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Phase 2 Creativity

3 methods that help guide the designer towards solutions based on historical innovation:

– Contradiction Matrix / Inventive Principles– Sweeper– Trends of evolution


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Contradiction Matrix / Inventive Principles

TRIZ general problem

Your specific problem

TRIZ general solution

Your specific solution

Abstract

Reality1

2

3


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1


Your specific problem

39 Parameters of contradiction matrix

Identify Contradictions


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2

35 3 2 27 29 5 26 30 28 29 26 35 35 3

2 24 28 11 15 8 36 34 26 32 18 19 24 37

6 13 2 27 19 15 1 10 25 28 2 26 1 28

1 32 28 11 29 26 39 17 15 35 15 35

28 29 1 27 2 5 35 1 2 13 27 26 6 28 8 28 35 1

15 16 36 13 13 16 11 9 15 1 11 1 1 10 28

25 2 6 13 12 26 15 34 32 26 1 34 15 1

13 15 1 25 1 32 1 16 12 17 12 3 28

2 27 2 27 1 12 7 1 35 1 34 35 1 32

35 11 35 11 26 15 16 4 13 11 7 13 10

1 6 19 15 15 34 1 16 15 29 1 27 34 35 28

15 8 29 16 1 16 7 4 37 28 35 6 37+35 Adaptability or versatility

+ All

34 Ease of repair + All

32 Ease of manufacture

33 Ease of operation

2 Weight of stationary object All +

1 Weight of moving object + All

33 34 35 36 37 38 39

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Worsening Feature

ImprovingFeature



Identify Solution Principles


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Apply solution principles to situation

Principle 1. SegmentationDivide an object into independent parts.

• Replace mainframe computer by personal computers.

• Replace a large truck by a truck and trailer.

• Use a work breakdown structure for a large project.

Make an object easy to disassemble.

• Modular furniture

• Quick disconnect joints in plumbing

Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation.

• Replace solid shades with Venetian blinds.

• Use powdered welding metal instead of foil or rod to get better penetration of the joint.



3


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Apply solution principles to situation



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Principle 35. Parameter changesChange an object's physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid, or solid)

• Freeze the liquid centres of filled candies, then dip in melted chocolate, instead of handling the messy, gooey, hot liquid.

• Transport oxygen or nitrogen or petroleum gas as a liquid, instead of a gas, to reduce volume.

Change the concentration or consistency.

• Liquid hand soap is concentrated and more viscous than bar soap at the point of use, making it easier to dispense in the correct amount and more sanitary when shared by several people.

Change the degree of flexibility.

• Use adjustable dampers to reduce the noise of parts falling into a container by restricting the motion of the walls of the container.

• Vulcanize rubber to change its flexibility and durability.


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Sweeper: The approach

Previous specification

New specification

Previous solution

New solution

Abstract

Reality1

2

3


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Sweeper: The software tool

Howard, Thomas J.; Culley, Steve J.; Dekoninck, Elies A. (2011): Reuse of ideas and concepts for creative stimuli in engineering design Journal of Engineering Design , 22(8), 565-581 , doi:10.1080/09544821003598573


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35 trends of evolution have been identified

Steps:

1. Browse the trends to identify where technology exists on trend.

2. Look at the following technologies in the trend

3. Apply new technology to current situation

Trends of Evolution

General trend of technology

Your specific technology

Next solution in trend

Your next solution

1

2

3


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Trends of Evolution

Monolithic solid

Hollow structure

Multiple hollows

Capillary / porous

Monolithic solid

Space Segmentation

trend of evolution


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General Creativity Methods

3 methods that help you to remove cognitive inertia and produce solutions:

– SCAMPER– Smart Little People– 6 thinking hats


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SCAMPER checklist

Substitute - components, materials, people

Combine - mix, combine with other assemblies or services, integrate

Adapt - alter, change function, use part of another element

Modify - increase or reduce scale, change shape, modify attributes (eg colour)

Put - to another use

Eliminate - remove elements, simplify, reduce to core functionality

Reverse - turn inside out or upside down, also use of reversal


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Smart Little People

Imagine that the system you are analysing consists of many clever, ingenious small objects or people, that can make decisions

individuallyand as a group.


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DeBono’s 6 Thinking Hats

A group creativity method where everyone is assigned a thinking roll (and get to wear coloured hats!)


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Summary

• The tools and methods are not essential but may help you to overcome some barriers and inspire new solutions

• Try to use the right tools at the right time

• Prepare for your sessions and have a goal

Thank you for participating today, your feedback would be much appreciated:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dG9PYjVYQWFUR1VMUUhibXJZR0FnTmc6MQ#gid=0

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dG9PYjVYQWFUR1VMUUhibXJZR0FnTmc6MQ


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Questions

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