3. Tree Health event June 2013 ben jones pr update

Phytophthora ramorum Update

Ben Jones Plant Health Operations Manager FC England

2012 Survey Summary

• 170 flying hours covering around 24,000 miles

• 79,058 Ha of larch surveyed across England, Wales, Scotland, N Ireland & IOM (increase in around 10,000 Ha compared to 2011)

• Equates 70% of all larch that has been analysed across the UK both on respective PFEs and in PW

• In England this resulted in increased investigations of 597 sites (compared to 455 in 2011) which in turn lead to the issuing of 163 Statutory Notices (compared to 120 in 2011)

2012 Survey Summary

• Observation of disease dynamics continue to be different in different parts of the country – the more larch, the bigger the problem

• Significant new findings in SW Scotland, significant increase in S Wales, limited new findings in the Forest of Dean and SE England

• Weather conditions have been extremely conducive for Pr throughout 2012 – likely to see further infection

• Further findings generally being made in association with known infected sites (both rhodo & larch), but rapid advance of symptoms in some locations were observed over the summer

2012 Surveillance

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Typical of low levels symptoms observed in SW, note proximity of felled rectangle in top RH corner which was a 2011 site

2012 Surveillance

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More extensive symptoms observed in SW Scotland. Significant increase over what was observed in 2011, wider spread rapid death observed which is consistent with the research findings of the EU2 lineage (present in NI & SW Scotland only) being more aggressive that the EU1 lineage (present elsewhere incl the SW)

2012 Surveillance

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Widespread symptom progression in NI (consistent with SW Scotland – previous slide)

Symptom Progression June 2011

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NI 16/06/11 Northern region towards coast NI Individual symptomatic trees within larch stand less than 1km from very symptomatic stand viewed June 2011

Symptom Progression June 2012

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NI 11/06/12 Northern region towards coast NI Individual symptomatic trees within larch stand less than 1km from very symptomatic stand viewed June 2011 June 2012 – Almost exactly one year later large areas of trees dead or symptomatic. (symptomatic stand had been felled)

2012 Surveillance

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Biggest issues observed in S Wales where sporadic relatively low level symptoms were observed across a large geographic including a more easterly spread into the Rhondda Valley

2012 Surveillance

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Close up of symptoms in Rhondda Valley

2012 Observations

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As well as larch, symptoms observed in other species (SC) but significantly earlier in the year than ever previously observed. Point to emphasize is that as more & more spores are produced the greater the potential for the disease to impact upon a greater cross section of species – higher probability for co-lateral damage (incl species out with the forest & woodland environment eg bilberry)

2012 Survey Summary

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Year on year comparison – new findings in SE significant, also NE Scotland. FoD looks bad on map but actually very limited symptoms. Important message – early detection & prompt action the best way of managing the diease.

2012 Survey Summary

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Distribution of major host material – estimated 133K Ha of larch in GB, Fera findings highlight distribution in other hosts, highlighting the need to manage rhododendron

2010 SW England

DISTRIBUTION OF LARCH FROM 2010 INFECTIONS

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Uninfected Larch Infected Larch

Total Area of Larch = 10,650 ha Infected area in 2010 = 1,261 ha (12%)

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The orange bar shows the area of larch infected at the end of 2010 in SW England and this represents 12% of the total larch in SW The green bars shows the area of uninfected larch within a certain distance from the 2010 infections. This shows that the resource is fragmented and widely dispersed – just over 7000 ha occurs beyond 10km from the 2010 sites – this is good to limit spread and gives us an opportunity to slow the spread because the host material is not continuous or extensive.

2012 Survey Summary

SW ENGLAND - PROXIMITY OF NEW INFECTIONS TO EXISTING INFECTIONS

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Total Area of Larch = 10,650 ha Infected area in 2012 = 2,073 ha (19%)

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This graph shows the spread from 2010. Area infected at end of 2012 is 2073ha, adding about 400ha per year. Infected moved from 12% to 19% The orange areas in the graph show the infected area at the end of 2012 About 36% of the larch within 2km of 2010 infections have become infected, but nearly 60% remain uninfected Wider dispersal will be affected by local weather patterns, topography and levels of inoculum 0-2km 36% now infected 2-5km 20% now infected 5-10km 19% now infected >10km <1% now infected

2012 Survey Summary

SW ENGLAND - PHYTOPHTHORA STATUS ON LARCH AT END OF 2012

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Distribution of infection by county in SW at end of 2012 Cornwall almost 50% infected

Phytophthora ramorum symptom progression on infected larch stands

in the UK

• Cold spring delayed start of aerial surveillance by nearly 4 weeks

• Flights started in England and Wales in the 10th May, 4 flights undertaken so far, 2 in Wales and 2 in England.

• FC Scotland undertaking their own surveillance this year, flight started 22nd May

• Flights undertaken to the Lake District and Wales last week, and along the South Coast and to E Anglia this week

2013 Surveillance

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in the UK

2013 Surveillance SW England

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in the UK


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in the UK


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in the UK


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in the UK

2013 Surveillance S Wales

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in the UK


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in the UK


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2013 So Far……….

• Observations in general haven’t been good…highlighting further the pattern of the more larch, the bigger the problem once infection becomes established

• Significant but manageable findings in the SW, but the scale of infection in S Wales will lead to unprecedented logistical challenges with the potential for collateral damage to other species both in and out of the forest / woodland environment

• Observations continue to highlight that early detection and prompt action is still the most effective way of managing the disease across hosts species including rhododendron

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Technology

3. Tree Health event June 2013 ben jones pr update