1

3G to 4G Transformation

2

Agenda

Evolution & Background Key Technologies 3GPP requirements for convergence Network Architecture

(GSM/GPRS/HSPA/LTE) Comparison Time Line of LTE

3

Wireless Access Evolution & Background

New ServicesNew Services EfficiencyEfficiency More Data More Data

Services Services requiredrequired

Broadband

Subscribers

Voice

CoverageCoverage MobilityMobility

Voice Voice QualityQuality

PortabilityPortability CapacityCapacity Data ServiceData Service

BroadbandBroadband Network Network

SimplificationSimplification Cost of Cost of

OwnershipOwnership

4

Telephony

WWW @

Office

TV

MobileHome

Mobile Triple Play- Telephony, Data and Video/TV

delivered by 3G networks

5

Key Technologies

6

Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements

802.11n(smart antennas)802.11Mesh extns.

Loca

l Are

aFi

xed

Wid

e A

rea

Mob

ile

Cov

erag

e/M

obili

tyM

etro

Are

aN

omad

ic

802.16(Fixed LOS)

802.16a/d(Fixed NLOS)

802.11b/a/g

Mobile Industry

Fixed Wireless Industry

4G Air Interfaces

Data Rates (kbps)100,000 +

GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP

MOBILE BROADBAND

DSL ExperienceDial Up

Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

802.16e(Mobile WIMAX)

Fibre Experience

7

Goal of LTE/Converge Networks

8

What is 3GPP and LTE

9

What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)

These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards

Japan

USA

10

Towards LTE

11

3G Technologies Overview

3GPP : UMTS Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service, Phase 2 (3GPP release 6):HSUPA Uplink high-speed data Phase 3 :(3GPP release 7) HSPA+ Capacity Improvements in

UL and DL, above 10 Mbps Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010) (LTE)

Release 8 100 Mbps DL and 50 Mbps UL full-mobility wide area coverage 1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

12

LTE Access LTE radio access

Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

20 MHz1.4 MHz

TX TX

SC-FDMA

OFDMA

13

Network Architecture (GSM/GPRS/HSPA/LTE)

14

Architecture’s

GSM Basic Blocks GSM Voice Call GSM Data Call HSPA LTE

15

GSM Architecture Overview A GSM system is made up of three subsystems:

The mobile station (MS) The Base station subsystem (BSS) The Network and switching subsystem (NSS)

The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include:

“A” interface between NSS and BSS “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS) “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

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MSC

OMO

PSTNFixed Network

BSC

BSC

GSM Voice Network

Only Voice Call

HSCS9.6 Kp/s

17

GSM Architecture

Abis Interface

Interface

18

GSM Voice and Data Call Architecture

Voice Calls Path

Data Calls Path

Packet Data14.4 Kp/s

19

Terminology Update

EPC = Evolved Packet core (earlier SAE=System Architecture Evolution).

e UTRAN = Evolved UTRAN (earlier LTERAN = Long Term Evolution).

EPS = Evolved Packet Systems including EPC and Terminals.

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Evolution Path Architecture

The control plane and the user plane communicate with each other simultaneously

Node B communicates with RNC which in turn communicates with SGSN and GGSN

Yesterday

21

Evolution Path Architecture

Node B Can now bypass the SGSN through the user plane.

The pay load (user plane) from Node B is now routed directly to the gateway

Today

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Evolution Path Architecture

The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN)

Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway

Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end.

Tomorrow

23

LTE Architecture

eNB eNB

eNB

MME/UPE MME/UPE

S1

X2

X2

X2

EPC

E-UTRAN

Evolved Packet Core

MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity

eNB = eNodeB

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Evolved Packet Switching Network Architecture

MME

P-GW/S-GW

MME MME

P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW

LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B

LTE NODE BLTE NODE B

S11

S1-Cp

X2

Gi

Interfaces

Air Interface

E

P

C

EUTRAN

25

2G Towards 3G Networks

GGSN

IP networks

SGSN

IuGb

2G 3G

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR

PCRFGr

Gi

Iur

Gx

Only PS Domain shown

Gn Gn

•Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

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GGSN

IP networks

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

Gr

Gi

Iur

Gx

Only PS Domain shown

Gn

Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic

HSPA (Higher Speed Packet Access)

10 Mb/s

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3GPP Release Timeline

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Rel 99 Rel 4 Rel 5 Rel 6 Rel 7

2007

WCDMA

2008

MSC Split

HSDPA HSPA+HSUPA

Rel 8

LTE

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LTE Offer’s Performance and capacity

DL 100 Mbps AND UL 50 Mbps

Simplicity Flexible Bandwidths (5Mhz-20Mhz),FDD and TDDplug-and-play Devicesself-configuration Devicesself-optimization Devices

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LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)

Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency

Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services

Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access

technologies

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Evolution of 3GPP Radio Rates

Peak Network Data Rates

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

GPRS EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE

Technology

kbits

/sec

UL

DL

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LTE Objectives Reduced cost per bit

Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN)

Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience

Focus on delivery of services utilising ”IP” Reduce setup time and round trip time Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services

(e.g. Voice over IP) Increase peak bit rate (e.g. above 100Mbps DL and above

50Mbps UL) Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

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LTE Secrets 2 main issues have been investigated:

The physical layer The access network internal architecture

Physical layer Downlink based on OFDMA

OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc Uplink based on SC-FDMA

SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices

(battery power considerations) For both FDD and TDD modes

(User Equipment to support both) With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA

framing also Access Network consideration

For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

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LTE Architecture

PDN GWServing GW

MME

S1-MME S1-U

LTE

IP networks

eNodeB

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

S3

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

S11

Gr

S10

S6a

SGi

X2Iur

S7

Non-3GPP access

S2a/b

S4PDN GW

Serving GW

”Gateway”MMESGSN

”Mobility Server”

PCRF

HLR/HSS

”HLR/HSS”

EPC

eNode B

RBS

OSS

PA/DU Core & IMS

PA/DU Radio

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Core Nodes of LTE Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for

GERAN (GSM Radio Access Network) and UTRAN Networks (UMTS Terrestrial Radio

Access Network) Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks

PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization

3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems

SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs

Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

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PDN GWServing GW

MME

S1-MME S1-U

LTE

IP networks

eNodeB

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

S3

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

S11

Gr

S10

S6a

SGi

X2Iur

S7

Non-3GPP access

S2a/b

The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios

(S5 in-between)Only PS Domain shown

S4

From 3GPP to LTE/SAE

PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

37

Comparison

38

+ True high-speed mobile data

+ Full-motion HD video anywhere

+ Stream any content

+ Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0

(Networking)

+ Triple play

EDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

Mbps

40-100MbpsFiber like speed on mobile

Comparison with Speed

39

+ Spectral efficiencyBetter utilization of spectrum available

+ Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart AntennaFor improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership

+ Increased CapacityMuch higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery

+ Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service deliveryFewer nodes & interfaces (Node-B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies

+ Connect to legacy coresExisting network asset investment protection

+ 3GPP/2 Market tractionEconomy of scale

LTE VoIP cost*

UMTS rel.99 voice call cost$

10%

3GPP subscribers 85% market share

Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research

Comparison Cost

40

10-5msec latencyHighly Responsive Multimedia

+ Improved user experience

+ Fast VoIP call set-up

+ Instantaneous web pages

+ Streaming fast buffering

+ Online mobile gamingEDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

Response Time

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LTE Time Line

42

3G- R’99HSPA

HSPA Evolution

LTE

2002 2005 2008/2009 2009

384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 MbpsPeak rate

2007

7/14 Mbps

Mobile broadband speed evolution

LTE Evolution

2013

1 GbpsTarget

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References

http://www.3gpp.org/ http://www.radio-electronics.com http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepap

ers/lte_overview.pdf http://www.ngmn.org/

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Thank you