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Jos Beurskens, SET Analysis

(ECN, TU Delft, TPWind)

Inaugration 4th Sirris/OWI Laboratory Anwerpen, 27 September 2012

the need for public test facilities

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• Markets & Applications • Research & Development drivers • Facilities; needs, present and future facilities • Concluding observations

This presentation

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0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

0

9,000

18,000

27,000

36,000

45,000

1983 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011

Cum

ulat

ive

MW

MW

per

yea

r

Year

Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2012

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Market Market development Total installed offshore wind power: 4335 MW (1.8% of 240GW) Total number of projects: 61 Average power per project: 83 MW/project Average power of 10 smallest projects: 8.1 MW/project Average power of 10 largest projects: 198 MW/project Under construction: 3762 MW / 13 projects

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0

25,000

50,000

75,000

100,000

125,000

1990 2011 2016 2021

MW

Offshore (Pridiction) Prediction Offshore (Forecast)Forecast Existing capacity

Source: BTM Consult - A Part of Navigant - March 2012

Annual Global Wind Power Development

Market

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Offshore

Wind turbine product cycles (based on rotor diameter)

Source: DEWI Magazin

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X

Market

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Size R&D

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Mainstream Wind Power

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Mainstream Wind Power

Offshore

Hot Deserts

Remote Rural

Islands

Cold Climate

VTT

New applications are the motor of innovations and R&D; applies in particular to offshore

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Maturity of the technologies

Grid connected turbines; medium scale

Grid connected turbines; wind farms on land

Grid connected turbines; wind farms offshore

Autonomous & Hybrid (W-PV)

Hybrid systems (AWDS)

0 25 50 100 75 125

0.01

0.1

1

10

Rotor diameter [m]

Rat

ed p

ower

[MW

]

Grid connected turbines; small scale

Circle areas indicate maturity

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R&D

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Cost of support structures are dominant and are relatively insensitive to load

carrying capacity

The wind turbines should be as big as possible !

Up scaling

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R&D

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investment cost ~ (D³) energy output ~ (D²) COE (= inv. cost/energy output) ~ D

mass ~ (D³) cross section ~ (D²) stress (= mass/cross section) ~ D

For the engineer: For the economist:

Up scaling

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Development of advanced materials with a higher strength to mass ratio

R&D

Cost reductions to be achieved in other parts of the system: cables, foundations, O&M

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• Materials for blades and structures • Aerodynamic control of blades • Weight: gravity loads and deformations of

heavy components (gear boxes)

Up scaling drives R&D R&D

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Technology Evolution with Blade Size

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Rotor Radius (m)

Bla

de M

ass

(tn)

Gl-P HLU

Gl-P RI

Gl-Ep RI

Gl-Ep Prep

Gl-C Hybrid 1

Gl-C Hybrid 2

New Tech 1

New Tech 2

New Tech 3

REFERENCE

Ep Prep

P RI

P HLU

Hybrid

Source: CRES, GR

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R&D

Increased strength / weight

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Wind field

Photo: Jos Beurskens

Distributed blade control necessary

Distributed blade control

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R&D

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• Comparison with Individual Pitch Control: • 15-25% reduction of fatigue damage equivalent load,

depending on load case • Can add up to 30%

Wind tunnel tests on a scaled smart rotor – flapwise root bending moment with and without flap activation

Faigue load reduction by distributed blade control

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R&D Distributed blade control

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© Jos Beurskens

Weight R&D

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Deformations caused by own weight are in the order of magnitude of manufacturing tolerances

Weight R&D

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• Generators • Extreme external conditions • Standards & component design specs

Other R&D drivers R&D

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Permanent magnets

Classical drive train

Direct drive

Jos Beurskens

ENERCON

Zephyros

HTS (high temperature super conductivity)

Generator and Transmission R&D

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hot & dry cold & dry humidity

saline air

waves

lightning

earthquakes

soil characteristics turbulence

complex terrain

extreme wind speed

wind classes I, II, III dusty

cold & humid

R&D

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Analysis & Modelling

Facilities; Why?

Experimental verification (=testing) of components

Experimental verification of wind farms

Experimental verification of wind turbines

Design, manufacturing, application

Facilities

Design standards for components

R&D

Testing Facilities

Field Test Stations (most in moderate climates)

Experimental Wind Farms

(fragmentary, non representative)

(models are not perfect!)

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Rotor, blades

Mechanical transmission

Electrical conversion

Condition monitoring

Towers

Support structures

Control

Public research

Availability of

Facilities

Cost reduction potential

Innov needs up sc

High

High

High

Hig

High

High

Medium

Hig

Medium

Medium

High

Hig

Low

Low

Medium

Hig

Medium

Low

High

Hig

Medium

Low

High

Hig

Low

None

Medium

Med

Low

Soon

High

Hig

Wind turbine

Facilities

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© Jos Beurskens

Facilities

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s Public Test and Research facilities (EU)

Selected public test and research facilities

Location Wind farm Experimental

Wind turbine Test stations

Dedicated WE Wind tunnel

Blades & Materials

Foundations Drive train and hub

Research wind turbine

Germany FhG IWES/

ForWind/DLR ●! ● ● ● ● ! ●! gearbox teeth

● ! Spain

CENER ● ● ● ● ●

Netherlands ECN – WMC-

TUDelft ●!● ● ●! ● GB

NaRec ● ● ●●

Denmark DTU

● ● ! ● ● Sweden

● ! cold climate

Belgium Sirris/OWI (Lab

no 4) ● ! simulated

external cond.

Facilities

In red: under construction or planned; In black: exisiting

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Facilities Some interesting facilities (1)

(D) (D)

Photo: Jos Beurskens

(NL) (NL)

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Facilities Some interesting facilities (2)

(D) (D)

(NL)

2.85 x 2.85 m2 Vmax = 35 m/s

(NL)

(B)

(DK)

Manufacturer’s test facilities: LM, Vestas, Repower, Kenersys, ZF/Hansen, ………

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• Experimental facilities act as a magnet for industrial high-

tech activities, enhance position of local enterprises and facilitates establishing new innovative companies. Local examples: ZF Wind Power/Hansen, CG, Numeca, GeoSea-DEME, 3E, ….

• Associations are crucial in making needs for facilities explicit (Agoria, Generations (B), WAB (D), EWEA (EU), etc.

• Unique facilities attract international business. • Given de size of the market, increase of testing capacity in

selected ares is needed.

Observations (1)

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• (Local) authorities compete with each other in stimulating economic activities, including research infrastructure. Avoiding unnescessary duplication is impossible. Here the EU could play an important role by coordinating and filling gaps by targetted incentives.

Observations (2)

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• Industry could benefit from international collaboration

between research facilities (compare with IMTS): * codes of practice for testing * developing standards * recognition of joint quality standards (compare to MEASNET) * hosting researchers from industry and partner institutes/universities * mutual recognition of results * identfying need for new research facilities and coordinated lobying, possibly resulting in regional specialisation.

Observations (3)

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©Jos Beurskens

Congratulations and success to Sirris/OWI !