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Presentation at the Workshop on Crop Production Equipment for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Presenter: Dr. B. J. Pandian: TNAU, India Title: Development of SRI Transplanter Date: November 1, 2014 Venue: ACISAI, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
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Dr.B.J.PandianDirector, Water Technology
CentreTNAU, Coimbatore-3
Total geographical area (km2) 1,30,069Total population (million) 66.4Total cultivable area (million ha)
7.99(2001-02)
Total paddy area (million ha) 1.93
(2006-07)Paddy area (%) to total cultivable area
24.16
Major rice season(s) Jun – Sep, Aug – Jan, Dec– Apr
Total paddy production (million tonnes)
9.92(2006-07)
State’s contribution to national
7.08
paddy production (%)
Paddy productivity (t ha-1) 5.14
(2006-07)All-India rank in productivity 2Constraints in paddy cultivation
Water & labour
FACTS ABOUT RICE FARMING IN TAMIL NADU
Man power requirement for transplanting is 30 man days/haTransplanting cost at Rs 150/day will be Rs 4500/HATransplanting cost for mechanical transplanting alone = 3500/HA
IRRI-MANUAL TRANSPLANTER6 ROW 0.25HA/DAY RS10000
HAND CRANKED2 ROW 0.4 HA/DAY RS12000
SINGLE WHEEL RIDING TYPE8ROW 1.52 HA/DAY RS 1,90,000
WALK BEHIND TYPE4-ROW, 0.5 -0.65 HA/DAY RS 2.2 LAKHS
4WD 6 ROW 1.75 HA /DAY RS10,00,000
4WD 8 ROW 2.5 HA/DAY RS17,50,000
Jan Feb MarApri
lMay June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan
Sornavari (<120)
Kuruvai (<120)
Late samba/Th
aladi
Navarai (<120)
Early kar(<120)
Early samba 130-135
Late Pishanam
Kar SambaLate
Thaladi
Agency : Green Indus Agro tech Pvt. Ltd Tanjore
Operation : Delta Districts.
Activity : Custom Hiring, Sale of transplanters
Transplanter used : Daedong (South Korea) Specification : 6 Row 30 cm spacing
Field capacity : 4.4 ac/day of 8hrs
Operator : one @ Rs 333/day* Helper :One @Rs 200/day Fuel consumption : 2.75 to 3 lit petrol/hr The team will have to transplant a minimum of
5 acres/day and for coverage over 8acres/day Rs 100/ acre is given as incentive
Cost of six row 4WD Transplanter – 10,00,000 Cost after 50% subsidy - 5,00,000 Target pay back period - 500hrs Warranty provided by dealer for first 500 hrs of
use. The customer should compulsorily service the
transplanter after 500hrs of use. Trained operators services are provided along
with each transplanter sold. Most service providers have one to two
transpalnters
Sl.No
Cost classification Cost (Rs/acre)
1 Cost of Machine 1000
2 Fuel 250
3 Operator 67
4 Helper 40
5 Maintenance 100
6 Transport of machine
100
Total 1557
Sl.No Cost calssification Cost (Rs/acre)
1 Operating Cost 1560
2 Seed 440
3 Sowing labour 100
4 Polyethylene sheet 25
5 Total cost/ac 2125 ~2200
6 Custom rate for transplanting with nursery/ac
3000
7 Profit to service provider/ac
800
8 Management-overhead Nursery maintenance-one supervisor and one Manager for overall management
9 Machinery transport 15000/month contract
Agency : Rakkappa Farms Melavaniyangudi,
Sivagangai Propriter : K.Kanna Subramanian,MA
Operation : Supplies mat seedling all over state
Activity : Sale of seedling mat grown on coirpith and custom transplanting
Nursery : Nursery raised on trays Nursery medium : Coirpith Sowing : with automatic tray
sowing machine @450 trays/hr
Watering : Sprinklers Capacity : 20 acres/day 1400
trays/day
Sl.No Cost Calssification Cost in Rs
1 Cost of one tray 25
2 No of trays/ac 70
3 Cost of seedling including transporting
1750
4Cost of custom transplanting Rs 20/tray
5 Transplanting cost 1400
6Total cost of transplanting 3150/ac
7Complete package with seedling 4500/ac
Manual
Automatic
Agency : PACs (10 Nos.) Salem Dist (More than 2200 PACS to setup Agro service centers )
Initiative : Joint Registrar of cooperatives
Operation : Custom hiring of VST Yanji Transplanters weeders , tractors and Power tillers
Activity : Tray nursery raised at farmers holdings with or without SRI template seeder Transplanting done by Green army voluenteers Cost Rs 3000/ac
Under the Tegra technology, paddy seedlings are grown in a special media comprising straw, soil, nutrients, chemicals and other such things in a tray.
The seedlings are developed in a nursery and then replanted after 15 days with a special transplant machinery. Syngenta offers the technology at Rs 75 a tray and an acre requires 70 trays
There are reportedly seven centers in Tamil Nadu for providing transplanting services
Now cost of crop care concept works out to Rs 6000/ac
The transplanter service provider will get Rs 20/tray
Video
Sl. No
Transplanter-Make
Numbers (Approximate)
1 Yanmar 8 row 60
2 Kubota 6 row 70
3 Deodang 6 Row 35
4 Kukje 6 Row 25
4 WD Transplanters 190
1 Kukje 4 row 50
2 Southern agro Chennai
500
3 Kubota 4 row 200
4 Yanchi 8 row 200
5 Deodang 4 row 6
Total 956
Rapid growth with coverage of 5% area at present
Emergence of centralized nursery for supply of seedlings at Sivaganga, Kumbakonam and Vaipoor
Emergence of transplanter service providers.
Subsidy on machines by government is a great driver
Mechanized transplanting has spread in delta and slowly increasing in other districts
High demand for mechanized transplanting in Northern districts of Kancheepuram, Chengalpet Thruvannamalai.
Trend seems to favour custom hiring services
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Younger seedlings
(14-15 days old)
Reduction in nursery area &
seed rate(100 m2/ha7.5kg/ha
Alternate wetting
and Drying
Mechanical weeding
(4 times from 10 DAT)
Square Plantingof single seedling& wider Spacing
(25 x 25 cm)
Components
Progress made
a.2007-08 – AMRC, TNAU, Coimbatoreb.2008-09 – AEC&RI, Kumulurc.2009-10 – VST – PPP Mode
Basins covered
Varaganadhi – Vilupuram Upper vellar – Salem Agniyar – TanjurTherkar – Madurai Aliyar - Coimbatore Pennaiyar- Krishnagiri
AMRC, TNAU, Coimbatore
Seed rate50 / 75 / 100 / 125 g per Mat
AEC&RI, Kumulur
AEC&RI, Kumulur
AEC&RI, Kumulur
AEC&RI, Kumulur
One kg table salt in 10 lit of waterVST, PPP Mode
VST, PPP Mode
IMPROVED MAT NURSERY FOR MACHINE TRANSPLANTING
VST, PPP Mode
VST, PPP Mode
VST, PPP Mode
Sub basinArea
covered (ha)
Averg. Grain yield (kg/ha) %
increaseTransplant
erConvention
al
Varaganadhi 30 6200 5200 19.2
Upper vellar
15 6175 5240 17.8
Aliyar 5 5940 4750 25.0
Therkar 5 6410 5170 23.9
Agniyar 8 6840 5090 34.4
VST, PPP Mode
TNAU – SRI GREEN ARMY Mechanical ‘Yanchi’ Rice Transplanter
“Due to square planting, there was enough aeration and sun light between plants. In addition there was no rat problem”
Area covered: 100 acres of (100 farmers) SRI in pillekothur, Pathakotta, Podur, Gangapuram, Gobachandram, Kamandoddi and Kaverinagar.
Each machine covered 2.5 ac per day and farmers were charged Rs.1500/ac.
Benefits: Time saving and better yield Average Yield: 3.30 t / ac (Demo); conventional (2.60 t/ ac)
Pennaiyar (upto Krishnagiri) Sub basin
TNAU – SRI GREEN ARMY Mechanical ‘Yanchi’ Rice Transplanter
“Due to square planting, there was enough aeration and sun light between plants. In addition there was no rat problem”
Area covered: 100 acres of (100 farmers) SRI in pillekothur, Pathakotta, Podur, Gangapuram, Gobachandram, Kamandoddi and Kaverinagar.
Each machine covered 2.5 ac per day and farmers were charged Rs.1500/ac.
Benefits: Time saving and better yield Average Yield: 3.30 t / ac (Demo); conventional (2.60 t/ ac)
Pennaiyar (upto Krishnagiri) Sub basin
World bank New Innovations
Comparative performance of SRI- Mechanical Rice transplanter with other methods of rice cultivation
ParticularsConventional
random planting
SRISRI with
mechanical rice transplanter
Plant population (m-2) 24 19.75 17.65
No. of seedlings (hill-1) 5.2 1.4 2.9
Age of seedlings 22.5 15.9 17.8
No. of productive tillers (hill-1) 14.1 24.6 28.7
No. of grains (panicle -1) 184.1 209.7 208
Grain yield (kg/ha) 6400 8000 8275
Man hours consumed 1778 1153 903
labour producutivity 3.6 6.9 9.2
Irrigation water used 1180 885 921
Water productivity 5.4 9.04 8.98
Hurdles faced in the farmers’ fieldSieved soil was used in many locations to avoid small stones if not hinders planting
Incidence of sucking pest in the nurseries probably due to enriched rooting media
Experienced drivers only could achieve square planting in the entire field
Main field preparation to the needed condition was a problem and convincing the farmer to dry the field was a major hurdle
Being canal irrigated area, water management during initial period was so cumbersome
Matching sowing of nursery and main field preparation was also tough; so as to plant at appropriate age of seedlings
Paddy seedlings ready for transplanting
Machine transplanting operation at vadamadurai -03.02.2012
Machine transplanting operation at vadamadurai -03.02.2012
Comparative performance of SRI- Mechanical Rice transplanter with other methods of rice cultivation
Name of the Sub basin : ARANIYAR
Name of the Activity : SRI-Machine Transplanting Total Physical Target : 100 acresTotal No of Beneficiaries : 18
Comparison of SRI and Machine Transplanting over Conventional Method
Conventional. Yield
(kg ha-1)
SRI Yield
(kg ha-1)
SRI Machine Transplantin
g Yield(kg ha-1)
Increase in grain yield in Machine
Transplanting over Conventional
(%)
Increase in grain yield in SRI over conventional
(%)
5654 6733 6708 18.64 19.08