060817 Participation Collaboration Mapping

A PC perspective

Culture Atlas Infrastructure:Culture Atlas Infrastructure:A Participatory and Collaborative A Participatory and Collaborative

Perspective (Part 1 of 2)Perspective (Part 1 of 2)

The PNC 2006 Annual Conference and Joint MeetingsThe PNC 2006 Annual Conference and Joint MeetingsAugust 15August 15--18,2006,the Seoul National University Library, 18,2006,the Seoul National University Library,

Seoul, KoreaSeoul, Korea

Andrea WeiAndrea Wei--Ching Huang and TyngChing Huang and Tyng--Ruey Chuang Ruey Chuang Institute of Information Science,Institute of Information Science, Academia SinicaAcademia Sinica

Taipei, Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan

Huang & Chuang, 20062

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IfIf the WebWeb is to be seen as the major platform forbuildingthe next generationnext generationCulture Atlas,


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There are sThere are some

questionsquestionsneeded to be addressed,especially in theinfrastructure stage.


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concreteconcrete

conceptualconceptual

What & WhoWhat & Who

•What is the Culture Atlas

•What will the Culture Atlas be?

Why & Why & HowHow


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Culture Atlas Culture Atlas Historical GIS Historical GIS


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“Maybe‘historical GIS’ is for

researchersand

‘cultural atlases’ are for a user public.”

@ ECAI/CAA Conference, April 18-19, 2006

Ruth Mostern answered the question: “What is a Cultural Atlas?”


A PC perspective

• Will the Culture Atlas Infrastructure add one more layer as “the userthe user--generatedgeneratedcontentcontent”” layerlayer? (hope after this presentation the answer will be the positive)

• Why this layer is important for the Culture Atlas ?(The shortest answer for this question is: Because now is the Age of PC.

The more details will be illustrated below)


A PC perspective

Borrowing from the libertarian's and public science researcher’s perspectives,

reasons are:(1)for the limitation of time, money and human

resource there is still plenty of space which academic field haven’t fulfilled

(2)the desire for the freedom of knowledgeKrowne, A (2003) Building a digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way,

D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 9, No.10

(3)Now it’s time to face the challenge ofmoving from Intellectual Property to Intellectual Commons: Intellectual Commons: reducing control over proprietary information in a highly distributed, volunteer and open environment

Uhlir, P.F. (2003) Re-intermediation in the Republic of Science: Moving from intellectual property to intellectual commons. Information Services & Use,No.23, 63-66


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Last Year: : we try to give a general picture showing that there’s a trend toward People, Place, and Participation …


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Online Community Mapping


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Based on the study “Online Community Mapping”, a considerable development in the level of understanding two essential components : ParticipationParticipation and CollaborationCollaboration ingeospatial domain is on demand

(In this study we put in a picture as the emerging the emerging PCPC phenomenaphenomena).


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concreteconcrete


What & WhoWhat & Who

••WhoWho are the participants/contributors?••WhatWhat motivate them to participate?

•What is (will) the CultureAtlas (be)?

Why & Why & HowHow


A PC perspective

a mixture of a mixture of PP--phrasesphrases

“Personal PublishingPublishing” ,

“Photo sharing”,“Post online activities”,

“Podcasting”,“Peer- to-Peer” applications

PersonalPersonal and Participatory Mediaand Participatory Media

Participatory JournalismParticipatory Journalism

ProPro--sumersumer ==producer + consumer producer + consumer

PublicPublic//Participatory GISParticipatory GIS

PublicPublic EEmpowermmpowermentent

ParticipatoryParticipatory ResResearchearch

A permanent link = “PermalinkPermalink”

“PingPing a blog”= a Tracback

Web 2.0 =the Web as a whole “PlatformPlatform” ,

Architecture of ParticipationParticipation

TheThe AgeAge ofof ParticipationParticipationThe Economist,

Apr 2006

Peer ProductionPeer Production


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a mixture of a mixture of CC--phrasesphrases

ComputerComputer-mediatedCommunication (CMC)

Computer-supportedCollaboration (CSC)

Computer systemsupported CommunityCommunityComputer–mediated Community; Network Community; Web-based Community;Online Community ;Virtual Community ; Cyber-Community ; IT-enable Community;IT supported Community

Collective intelligence CollaborativeCollaborative PublishingCollaborative Communi-cation tools,Co- authoring ToolsCollaborative Filtering

Creative

Commons

Community-basedcommunication;

Community-driven services

Commons-based peer production” (CBPP)


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concreteconcrete


What & WhoWhat & WhoWhy & HowWhy & How••WhoWho are the participants/contributors?••WhatWhat motivate them to participate?



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MotivationsMotivations

•pursuing for meaningful sharing •social networking

the analysis of Wei (2006) and the 2006 Pew Internet & American Life Project survey on blogsphere

Other Reasoning: lessons from the success of OSS movement

earning by sharing, battling with the joint rival (like Linux community V.S. Microsoft), sharing identity and belief systems within communities, or building relationships and socializing.

“scratching programmer’s itch”, “technically cool” or “the art and beauty of clean code”, ego-boosting of themselves and gaining reputations from others toward a better job pay future, These are further empirically verified by the leverage of creativity and intellectual stimulation.

Social networkingIndividual reasons


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concreteconcrete


What & WhoWhat & WhoWhy & HowWhy & How

••WhoWho are the contributors?••WhatWhat motivate them?

•What’s the value of user-generated content?



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Value of userValue of user--generated contentgenerated content

• Media perspectives• Social Perspectives• Economic Perspectives• Geospatial Perspective

Please refer to the full analysis in the full paper

1. Empirically findings show that most internet interaction occurs in the situation where people live within an hour’s drive (after Wellman and Haase’s citation, 2001)

2. for most travellers the restaurant reviews by local citizens are more valuable than others’ comments (Figallo

and Rhine, 2001).Huang & Chuang, 2006

20

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Geospatial Perspective (continued)3. Last year we talked about


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In this year, we find that•• the commonthe common--sense geographysense geography of the world has been

identified empirically by the recent online mapping services especially in the case of Google, Yahoo and Microsoft.

(1) The leading business magazine, Forbes, has chosen the Google map mashu-up as one of the Web’s promising user-sharing trend application

(2)ESRI (1969-2006) - one million users in 200 countries Google Map/Earth (2006) - one hundred million users in less a --------------------------------------------year’s release


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And also in theory, And also in theory, participatory research participatory research

(1) Mapping is one of the bestparticipatory techniques. (2)It also offers participants a way to their self-representation.(3)Tool for interrelationship(4)Contribute to community projects(5)Capacity building


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concreteconcrete


What & WhoWhat & WhoWhy & HowWhy & How



•What’s the problems ofuser participation?•How to make P&C work?



A PC perspective

Problems :Problems :

1. Content Accuracy & Completeness2. Contributor Accountability (identity deception,

online trust, trolls, flame-warriors, lamer)

3. Motivations & Incentives:WHY NOT PARTICIPATE

(1) no need (2) want to know more information about the group/community before participating (3) not confident enough to participate (4) poor usability of the software design (5)socially do not match the specific community culture. (Preece. et. Al.,2004)

(1)Busy, No time (2)Hostile atmosphere and low quality conversation (3) Just want to “listen” because I am unqualified. (4) Prefer to “listen” for information. (Wei,2006)


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IfIf the Culture Atlas is going to adopt the concept of participation & collaboration, the implications from the existing PCPC mechanismsdesign offer a general picture to look after.


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This is the majorimplication for the Culture Atlas Infrastructure.

In contrast to the Me-Participation type, the We-Collaboration is more toward many-to-many forms,community-driven orientation as well as collaborative authoringparadigms.


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Collaboration toolsCollaboration tools

• The RSS way• The Blog way• The Wiki way• Social tagging• Social bookmarking

http://www.programmableweb.com/matrixall


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1. small independent and manageable modularity2. flexible and transparent devices3. revision-control software4. bug-reporting databases5. computer-mediated communications (record-keeping

for consensus)6. governance structures (support asynchronous

communication and decision-making) which support distributed development and management

Technical MechanismsTechnical Mechanisms

Learn from the success of OSS


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1. Openness Design2. Trust Enabling & Consensus building

Reputation mechanism: Karma in Slashdot, XP in Everything2

Online Community Responsibility System

3. Online community Framework

Policy & Social MechanismsPolicy & Social Mechanisms

de Souzqa, C.S. & Preece, J (2004)


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concreteconcrete


What & whoWhat & whoWhy & HowWhy & How



•What’s the problems ofuser participation?•How to make P&C work?


Cultural Atlas Infrastructure:

A Participatory and Collaborative

Perspective (Part 2 of 2)

At The PNC 2006 Annual Conference

in Conjunction with PRDLA and ECAI

Andrea Wei-Ching Huang

Tyng-Ruey Chuang

A joint work of the

Open Geospatial Information Team

Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica

Taipei, Taiwan

Trends: Geospatial Tools

• Moved to Web-based systems.

• Built with and released as open sourcesoftware.

• Operated as web services.

• Mixed with personal digital devices andsocial software: cell phone, camera,GPS, etc.; blog, wiki, social tagging, etc.

Trends: Geospatial Data

• “Standard” data format: GML, SVG,GeoRSS, “KML”, etc.

• “Open” access to geo-data: Satelliteimages, topographic maps,gazetteers, community data, etc.

• Heterogeneous data sources.

• Public licensing of geo-data.

Trends: Geospatial Users

• From elite to the mass: personal and

group communication in daily life.

• User-contributed geospatial data.

• Collaborative authoring and mapping.

• Rights arrangement and licensing of

collective works.

Personal Attachment to Places, Not Locations!Places, Not Locations (1/4)

Places, Not Locations (2/4) Places, Not Locations (3/4)

Places, Not Locations (4/4)Place Names in Cultural Atlas

• Where do the place names come from?Authoritative gazetteers? Communities? You?

• Many kinds of place names:– “Seoul National University” …

Established for a long time and known to many people.

– The “Epicurean Café” at Orchid Island …Known to some people; the place is here now but maybe

gone tomorrow; frequent name change.

– “my favorite snorkeling spot” at Orchid IslandKnow only to a few; nameless places with special meaning

to selves.

Web3P: A Web of Place, People,

and Participation

• Place: Web presentations of places,

enriched with satellite images, topographic

maps, geospatial features, gazetteers, etc.

• People: Allowing places to be annotated with

user-generated data.

• Participation: Enabling group annotations

and communications.

Web3P Architecture

Web3P Implementation

• Built with tools that are free and

interoperable: SVG map viewer,

MapServer, RSS, “trackback”, etc.

• Each place has a unique URL; URLs can

be annotated and tagged by users.

• Annotations are syndicated as RSS

feeds.

• PlaceDB: in need of a beter data model.

PlaceMap:

An SVG-

based visual

browser for

places.

AnnoTag:

Users

attach

annotations

to places in

PlaceMap.

RSS access

to user

annotations.

Open Geospatial Information Team at the

Institute of information Science,

Academia Sinica, Taiwan:

Chin-Lung Chang,

Yi-Hong Chang,

Tyng-Ruey Chuang,

Dong-Po Deng,

Andrea Wei-Ching Huang,

Chia-Hsin Huang.

Contact:

Tyng-Ruey Chuang

Institute of Information Science

Academia Sinica

Nangang 115, Taipei City, Taiwan

[email protected]

Thank you

for your attention!

Technology

060817 Participation Collaboration Mapping