Dr Mark [email protected]
Ramani Huria: Mapping for Flood Resilience
Fusing Remote Sensing and Community Participation For Flood
Resilience
1
Open Data Tanzania
Sustainable DevelopmentDar es Salaam ContextRamani Huria
ProjectData Requirements Available ResourcesInundation
ModellingCommunity Risk Management123456A New Era for Open Science
and Earth ObservationPresentation outline7
2
Goal #1 to end extreme poverty
Goal #2 to boost shared prosperityWorld Bank Group
3
We also call for a data revolution for sustainable development,
with a new international initiative to improve the quality of
statistics and information available to citizens. We should
actively take advantage of new technology, crowd sourcing, and
improved connectivity to empower people with information on the
progress towards the targets.
The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the
Post-2015 Development Agenda, United NationsDevelopment Agenda 2015
- 2030
4
DATATHE RISE OF OPENSTANDARDSPLATFORMSINNOVATION
Established the Global Partnership on Development DataHigh Level
Panel Report
Animation: Text boxes automatically appear sequentially5
To end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for
allSustainable Development Goals
6
embrace open data and standards, innovative and creative
approaches and platforms that are fit-for-purpose to collect and
collate, share and distribute geospatial information
2016 UNGGIM Addis Ababa DeclarationFuture Policy FrameworksData
Requirements
READ QUOTE
7
SDG Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainableDar es Salaam: Rapid and Unplanned Growth
Half of humanity 3.5 billion people lives in cities todayBy
2030, almost 60 per cent of the worlds population will live in
urban areas95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will
take place in developing world828 million people live in slums
today and the number keeps risingThe worlds cities occupy just 3
per cent of the Earths land, but account for 60-80 per cent of
energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissionsRapid
urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage,
the living environment, and public healthBut the high density of
cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation
while reducing resource and energy consumption
8
Rapid Urbanization and Unplanned Growth Brings ChallengesDar es
Salaam Context
85.2% population increase in 15 years.The primary cities of
emerging countries are growing rapidly.Dar es Salaam is not
unique
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Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Landsat 5
Landsat 5
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Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Landsat 8
Landsat 8Exemplifies the urban challenge, rapid unplanned
growth, paralleled in lack of infrastructure to mitigate
floodingData is challenging, both in terms of access, but
capacity/tools to leverage/optimise usage.11
Dar es Salaam ContextUrban Sprawl Sentinel
2http://demos.sterlinggeo.com/erdas-iws/ogc/wms/da_es_salaam
Informal Settlements and Urban FloodingDar es Salaam Context
The impact of flooding in Dar es SalaamDisplaces people, damages
infrastructure, prevents sustainable development13
Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability and RiskTypical Data
RequirementsHazard Analysis:Elevation ModelLand Use/ Land
CoverDrainage networkRainfall Intensity Duration frequency Exposure
mapping:Buildings, RoadsCritical facilitiesPopulation distribution
day/nightVulnerability AssessmentDisabledLivelihoodsShelter
accessEarly Warning
Hazards
Exposure
Vulnerability
Risk+++
Stress the importance of data driven development generallyInform
decisions and support policy generationRecall the Addis Ababa
UNGGIM declaration with data [NEXT SLIDE TO CONTINUE MESSAGE]
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ChallengesData RequirementsInsufficient DataElevation Model 5%
areas LIDAR 30cmLack of Met dataRapid Hydrodynamic changesInformal
Data80% Unplanned GrowthInconsistent census and admin boundary
dataSocio-Cultural FactorsInformal economy /
livelihoodsRentalsLocal CapacityData ManagementData Analysis
However, this data is often scant/missingThe causes of flooding
are not localized, but spread throughout a regional area.Therefore,
mass data collection is needed to make sense of the scale of
flooding15
Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
Started March 2015: 150 Students, 100+ Community Members
Ramani Huria Open MapProvides a platform for innovation, fusing
drones, remote sensing, citizen data16
Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani HuriaGoal: 1
million residents in flood prone vulnerable communities /
Currently:Target Areas: 2012 Population: 1,127,729Target Areas:
2015 Population est: 1,296,888 (~15% Growth)
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Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria160,000
Building Footprints, 500km+ of waterways, rivers and drainage,
1000s of toilets, water points
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation
ModellingMaps as a Platform
Participatory mappingAllows the mapping of risk reduction
priorities at a hyper-local levelConnects local government officers
with citizens to identify19
Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation
ModellingMaps as a Platform
Generated through basic tools (pens/paper)
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation
ModellingMaps as a Platform
Using flood inundation software, such as Inasafe, identify
at-risk infrastructure/population21
Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation
ModellingMaps as a Platform
Leads to traditional outputs, leveraged by community leaders,
city planners and other government/non-governmental
organizations22
OutputsRamani HuriaDrainage Analysis by WardOver 265km of
drainage mapped4407/357km of drains256/124km Streams/Rivers
Traditional outputs cover the city
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation
ModellingMaps as a Platform
Scale the most flood prone neighbourhoods of a cityCombine with
Red Cross volunteersIdentify and create action plans to improve
resilience to flooding and plans for disaster management24
Digital Globe, Sentinel, UAVsAvailable Remote Sensing
Resources
100km2 30cm, 2015Donated in support of Missing Maps. WorldView-3
sensors36GB Compressed Challenging to download: Remote TMS/ local
geotiff
UAVs 150km2 Orthomosaic, Point Clouds, Digital Elevation
Models
Partnership with Digital Globe, 2015 Imagery @30cmUsed in a
combination of Tile Map Server and local geotiff for
digitizationInvaluable for areas where UAV use is prohibited/unwise
for example airports25
Low Cost Mapping DronesAvailable Remote Sensing Resources
26
Elevation Model and Point CloudUAVs Data
8cm Point Cloud and Digital Surface ModelDerived from
UAVsDensity of urban environment challenging when creating an
accurate inundation model
Transition to drainage follows on click8cm Digital Surface Model
and Point CloudChallenges in processing areas from UAVs in dense
unplanned areas, such as Tandale27
Fusion of Data Stream OutputsRamani Huria745,989 Building
Footprints88km of Imagery and Surface Models2091km of Roads
Building FootprintsDigital Surface Model / 3D BuildingsFlood
RiskIdentified At Risk Buildings28
Low Cost Mapping DronesAvailable Remote Sensing Resources
Flood risk and inundation scenarios29
Open Data Tanzania
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Joy Ito: https://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/2668846870/
Pivot to Zanzibar and scaling of Ramani Huria. Ramani Huria
methodology is applicable to other countries
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Zanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Creating a map of Zanzibar Islands at very high resolution,
released as open data Introduction of a cost effective technology
for land monitoringBuilding different projects around the data
(Conservation, Land tenure, Urban Planning, etc)Local Capacity
BuildingIncreasing the efficiency in data colection from the
Commission of LandsCreating opportunities for new local businesses
to develop around the technologyZanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding
a Geospatial Platform
9 drones are deployed in 3 different teams of local operators2
power full computer for processing data at a high speed3 field
computers for flight planning and controlNAS for storing over 10TB
of Data2400sq/km to map239 zones unguja and 182 in Pemba3 teams of
4-5 composed of local surveyors with support of students of State
University of ZanzibarMission kick-off August 15th 2016 for 2
months
Equipment, Team and MissionBuilding a Geospatial Platform:
Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
ScopeBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping
Initiative
Each grid covers an area of 3km x 3 km (9km). In optimal
conditions (no wind), one zone can be covered in 6 flights (at a
GSD= 7 cm).In order to facilitate data management, each grid has
been assigned a unique Zone ID.There are currently 239 zones in
Unguja and 182 Zones in Pemba. In the future, it will be possible
to add more zones. Important is to keep the Zone_ID as a unique
identifier.This has been done in order to manage size of data per
square and being able to work with it.ScopeBuilding a Geospatial
Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
ZanzibarBuilding a Geospatial Platform
50cm Aerial Imagery derived (unknown origin, assumed ~2005)Very
high resolution drone imagery, digital elevation models;Sentinel
2The fusing of these streams has applications in urban planning,
landuse detection, vegetation etc38
Urban PlanningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
3D ModelsBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Building Volume CalculationBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Land TenureBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial PlatformPartnership with
IBM Research Kenya
Convoluted Neural Networks, Automatic Building Detection43
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Discrepancy between distributions hypothesized to be due to
large repairs on metal rooftops, which the algorithm detects as
individual buildings. Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial
Platform
Capacity Building and Knowledge TransferBuilding a Geospatial
Platform
Streetview MappingBuilding a Geospatial Platform
Streetview MappingBuilding a Geospatial Platform
THANK YOUGRAZIE MILLEASANTENI SANAMark IliffeGeospatial
Innovation [email protected]
SDG Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainableDar es Salaam: Rapid and Unplanned GrowthBy 2030, ensure
access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic
services and upgrade slumsBy 2030, provide access to safe,
affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all,
improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with
special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations,
women, children, persons with disabilities and older personsBy
2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity
for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement
planning and management in all countriesStrengthen efforts to
protect and safeguard the worlds cultural and natural heritageBy
2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of
people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic
losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by
disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on
protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situationsBy 2030,
reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities,
including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal
and other waste managementBy 2030, provide universal access to
safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in
particular for women and children, older persons and persons with
disabilitiesSupport positive economic, social and environmental
links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening
national and regional development planningBy 2020, substantially
increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion,
resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change,
resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030,
holistic disaster risk management at all levelsSupport least
developed countries, including through financial and technical
assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings
utilizing local materials
Half of humanity 3.5 billion people lives in cities todayBy
2030, almost 60 per cent of the worlds population will live in
urban areas95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will
take place in developing world828 million people live in slums
today and the number keeps risingThe worlds cities occupy just 3
per cent of the Earths land, but account for 60-80 per cent of
energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissionsRapid
urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage,
the living environment, and public healthBut the high density of
cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation
while reducing resource and energy consumption
49
Low Cost Mapping DronesUAVs
50
BingAvailable Resources
Global CoverageCombination of sensor sourcesFreely available to
derived data into OpenStreetMap ODBl (Open DataBase license)Upto
~60cm in urban areas, challenge of cloud cover
Used in a combination of Tile Map Server and difficulties of
needing constant connectivity Invaluable for areas where no other
dataset exists, used for mapping new cities and towns.Little to no
associated metadata, such as month collected
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Remote Sensed ImageryAvailable ResourcesTanzanian National
Bureau of Statistics:1,300km2 of 30cm Aerial ImageryCollected in
2013Little to no associated metadata
Little to no associated metadata, such as month collected
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Mapping Parties: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
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Local Mapping PartiesRamani HuriaLocal Mapping EventsInnovation
Hubs of Dar es SalaamAll of TanzaniaOver 100 Community Members6
Mapping Parties, most recent 29th of September
Regular Mapping PartiesParticipants map their home townSpreads
mapping across Tanzania;54
Missing MapsGlobal Community
Global community digitizing aerial imagery, either satellite
imagery or UAV imagery; Tanzania has been featured in New York,
Munich and other Missing Maps Mapathons;Uses HOT tasking manager to
break up segments, global events. Groundtruthed by Ramani Huria
community mapping55
Missing Maps: Keko & Buguruni WardsGlobal Community
EngagementBefore(August 2015)
After(October 2015)
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Mapping Risk Reduction PrioritiesCommunity Risk Management
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worldbank.org/ICT
Early Warning & Early ActionCommunity Risk Management
ALLOWS SERVICE PROVIDERS TO TAKE ACTION!58
Aerial Imagery, UAV ComparisonUAVs
UAV Image Appears on click. UAV image can drill further down,
though due to movement of vehicles the orthorectification could be
improved.Aerial Imagery is 30cm / UAV is 4cm59
