SOL Skills Standard Part II

BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND RUSSIA

WH I 7a

Location of Constantinople

Protection of eastern frontierCrossroads of __________

Trade

Fortified peninsula bordering a natural h_________ harbor

Role of Constantinople

Seat of __________ empire Byzantine

Preserved classical G_______-R________ culture Greco-Roman

WH I 7b

Byzantine Emperor Justinian

C___________ of Roman law Codification

Reconquest of former Roman territoriesExpansion of _____________

trade

WH I 7c

Byzantine achievements in art and architecture

Inspiration provided by __________ religion Christian

Religious images (I)___________ Icons

Byzantine domed church H___________S__________

Hagia Sophia

Byzantine culture

Continued G________-R__________ traditions Greco-Roman

G_________ language Greek

G_________ Orthodox Christianity Greek

Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in B__________ libraries Byzantine

WH I 7d

Eastern Churches

Centered in C_____________ Constantinople

Use of _________ language in liturgy (church ceremonies) Greek

Western Church

Centered in R__________ Rome

Use of __________ language in the liturgy (church ceremonies) Latin

Division of Eastern and Western Church

Authority of ______ eventually accepted in the West Pope

Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted in the West

WH I 7e

Influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe/Russia

Trade routes between B_____ sea and Baltic sea Black

Eastern Europe/Russia adopts Orthodox Christianity

St. ________ (Cyrillic alphabet) adopts the Greek alphabet Cyril

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

WH I 8a

Origins of Islam

___________, the prophet Muhammad

Early Muslim cities on the Arabian peninsula of ________ & _________ Mecca & Medina

Spread of Islam

Across A________ & A________ and into S________ Asia, Africa, Spain

Beliefs, traditions, & customs of Islam

M___________ Montheism

“________” Arabic word for God Allah

Q_______ (K_______) the word of God Quran (Koran)

_______ pillars of Islam Five

Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets M_________ & J_________ Moses & Jesus

WH I 8b

Geographic influences on origin/spread of Islam

Diffusion along ______ routes from M_______ to M________ Trade, Mecca to Medina

Expanded despite distance, desert environments, & mountain barriers

Spread into the F_________ C________, Iran, & Central Asia Fertile Crescent

WH I 8c

Historical Turning Points

Sunni-Shi’a divisionMuslim conquest of ___________ & D__________

Jerusalem & Damascus

Muslim defeat at the Battle of ________ (Spain) Tours

WH I 8d

Cultural contributions and achievements

Architecture – D_______ of the R______ Dome of the Rock

Mosaics- (p________) pictures

Arabic alphabetU__________

Universities

Translation of ancient texts to Arabic

Scientific contributions/achievements

__________ numerals (adapted from India) including 0 Arabic

A________ (math) Algebra

Medicine

EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES

WH I 9a

Foundations of early medieval societies

Classical heritage of R________ Rome

__________ beliefs Christian

Customs of Germanic tribes

Influence of the Roman Catholic Church

Church authority grew, ________ authority declined Roman

M__________ preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements Monasteries

___________ carried Christianity and the L______ alphabet to Germanic tribes Missionaries, Latin

P____ anointed C__________ Holy Roman Emperor Pope, Charlemagne

WH I 9b

Feudal society during the Middle Ages

F__________ Fief

V__________ Vassals

S__________ Serfs

Feudal obligations

WH I 9c

Age of Charlemagne

Franks emerged as a force in Western Europe_________ crowned Emperor of the Holy

Roman empire Pope

Power of the ________ established in political life Church

EASTERN HEMISPHERE

WH I 10a

Major trade patterns Eastern Hemisphere 1000-1500 A.D.

_____ ______ across Asia Silk roads

M________ (water) routes across the Indian Ocean Maritime

________-______ routes across North Africa Trans Saharan

S_______ C______ sea and lands of Southeast Asia South China

WH I 10b

Goods

________ from West Africa Gold

________ from lands around the Indian Ocean Spices

TextilesP_______ from China & Persia

Porcelain

Technology

_______ from China Paper

W__________ and W___________ Waterwheels and Windmills

Navigation- compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Ocean

Ideas

B___________ from China to Korea to Japan Buddhism

__________ & ________ from India to Southwest Asia Hinduism and Buddhism

_________ into West Africa, Central and Southwest Asia Islam

Printing & paper money from China

WH I 10c

Location & Place (Japan)

Japanese a___________ (4 main islands) Archipelago

Proximity to _________ & __________ China and Korea

Influence of Chinese culture

W___________ Writing

A___________ Architecture

B____________ Buddhism

Shinto

Ethnic religion unique to JapanImportance of natural features, forces of

________, and ancestors nature

State religion: worshipping the emperorCoexistence with B___________

Buddhism

WH I 10d

Axum (Africa)

Located near the Ethiopian highlands and the _________ river Nile

Different because it was a __________ (r) kingdom Christian

Zimbabwe (Africa)

Located near the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers as well as the Indian Coast

City of “_________ ___________” was the capital Great Zimbabwe

West African Kingdoms

______, ______, & _______ located near the Niger River and the Sahara Ghana, Mali & Songhai

______ & ______ was important to the trans-Sahara trade Gold and Salt

City of ________ was a center of learning and trade Timbuktu

Role of animism & Islam

MAYAN, AZTEC, & INCAN CIVILIZATION

WH I 11a,b

Mayan

Located in the M_________ & C________ A_________ rain forest Mexico and Central America

Represented by Chichen Itza (see handout)

C______-S_______ ruled by a king City States

Economy= A____________ & T________ Agriculture and Trade

__________ religion-Pyramids Polytheistic

Aztec Civilization

Located in arid valley in central _________ Mexico

Represented by T______________ Tenochtitlan

Ruled by an __________ emperor

Economy based on ______________ agriculture

___________ religion polytheistic

Incan Civilization

Located in the __________ mountains Andes

Represented by M_________ P_______ Machu Picchu

Ruled by emperorEconomy based on high altitude

______________ agriculture

__________ religion polytheistic

Road system

Mayan, Aztec, Incan achievements

C____________ Calendars

M____________ Math

W____________ S______________ Writing System

LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

WH I 12a

England

Leader of the Norman Conquest ___________ the ___________ united EnglandWilliam the Conqueror

Common Law________ ________ signed the M________

C_______ King John, Magna Carta

__________ Year’s war Hundred

France

H_______ C_______ established the French throne in Paris Hugh Capet

Hundred __________ war years

_________ of _______ was a unifying Joan of Arc

Spain

F___________ & I__________ unified the country & expelled Moors Ferdinand and Isabella

________ II expanded Spanish empire Philip

Russia

_______ the ______ expanded the Russian nation Ivan the Great

WH I 12b

Key events of the Crusades

Pope __________ speech Urban

Capture of _________(city) Jerusalem

Founding of ___________ states Crusader

Loss of Jerusalem to ___________ Saladin

Effects of the Crusades

Weakened _________ strengthened _______________ Pope, Monarch

Stimulated __________ Trade

Legacy of bitterness between:C_________

ChristianJ___________JewsM__________

Muslims

Constantinople

Fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 ending the B___________ empire Byzantine

Capital of Byzantine empire

Impact of Black Death

Decline in __________ population

Scarcity of _________ labor

Decline of _____________ influence church

Disruption of _____________ trade

Church Scholars

Few who could _________ & ___________ Read and write

Worked in M___________ monasteries

Translated Greek & Arabic into ___________ Latin

Laid the foundation for U____________ in Europe Universities

RENAISSANCE

WH I 13a

Economic effects of the Crusades

Increased demand for M________ E______ products Middle Eastern

Encouraged the use of _________ & __________($$$$$$) Credit and banking

Economic Concepts

Letters of credit expanded the supply of _________ money

New accounting and bookkeeping practices

WH I 13b

Key Italian Cities

F_________ Florence

V__________ Venice

G__________ Genoa

Florence, Venice, & Genoa

Had access to trade routes connecting _____________ & Middle ________ markets European and Eastern

Trading centers to distribute goods to northern Europe

Initially independent city states governed as republics

Machiavelli’s The Prince

Supported absolute power of the rulerThe ________ justifies the ___________

End Means

Advised that one should do _________ if possible, but do _________ when necessary Good, Evil

WH I 13c

Renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci- ______ ______ & ____ ______ ________ Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Michelangelo- Ceiling of the _______ ______ & _________ Sistine Chapel & David

___________- sonnets & humanist scholarship Petrarch

Humanism

Celebrated the _____________ Individual

Stimulated the study of ___________ & _______________ literature culture Greek and Roman

Supported by the wealthy

WH I 13d

Northern Renaissance

Growing ________ in Northern Europe supported ____________ ideas Wealth, Renaissance

Merged _________ ideas with _________ ideas Humanist, Christian

Moveable type printing press by J_________ G__________ helped ideas Johann Gutenberg

Northern Renaissance Ideas

Erasmus- _____ ______ of _______ (1511) The Praise of Folly

Sir Thomas More- __________ (1516) (became term that means “perfect society”) “Utopia”