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A brief introduction into some of the iconic architecture and artwork in India stemming from buddhist, hindu, and islamic traditions.
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Art of India
T, R, 12-1:50PMProfessor Paige Prater
Mapping it!
Religious Traditions in India
• Buddhism– Buddha’s teaching (563-483 BCE) – life’s
difficulties>enlightenment>nirvana• Hinduism – karma, reincarnation, polytheistic;
liberation from samsara (cycle of life and death)– Vishnu– Shiva– Devi– Brahma
Overview of Artistic Styles
• Indian art: elaborate decoration/human body; sensual
Art of India
• Buddhist and Hindu
Great Stupa, third century BCE, enlarged under the Sunga and Andhra Dynasties, c. 150–50 BCE, Sanchi, India
Detail of East gate at Great Stupa, 3rd Century BCE
• Pilgrims: east gate, clockwise
• Stupas/gateways (toranas)= recreation of the universe in a 3D mandala pattern.
• 35’ columns• Scenes of Buddha’s
multiple lives (jatakas)
Four Buddhas
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHt6BgHxa8o
Bodhisattva Padmapani, Cave 1, Ajanta, India. Cave painting,
second half of 5th century
• 29 caves carved into a horse-shoe-shaped cliff in Ajanta (western India)
• Buddhist sculptures/paintings
• Lotus• Bodhissatva – one who
achieved nirvana but voluntarily stays to help others reach enlightenment
Indian Art: Hinduism• 3rd largest world
religion; most followers in India
• Large temple complex in northern India
• Dedicated to Shiva, Hindu god of creation and destruction
Kandariya Mahadeva temple, c. 1000, Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India
Detail of exterior sculpture, Kandariya
Mahadeva temple
• More than 600 sculptures
• Sensual• Unity of
male/female represents unity of cosmos
Indian Art: ISLAM
• Mid-16th century, Mughals took over India (Mongolian descent, Muslim), ruled hundreds of years– Jahangir, “World Conqueror” (1569-1627)– Shah Jahan, (1592-1666) and wife, Mumtaz Mahal
(1593-1631)• Sufism• Commissioned artworks
– Persian– Indian
Bichitr, Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaykh to Kings, from the St. Petersburg album, Mughal Dynasty, c. 1615–18. Opaque watercolor, gold, and ink on paper, 18⅞ × 13”. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C
Taj Mahal, 1631-1648, Agra, India• White marble inscribed; reflects the sun• Dome: 58’ diameter, 213’ tall