Conflict within Religion Conflict within Religion

Martin Luther and the Catholic Martin Luther and the Catholic Church Church

History DefinitionHistory Definition

History: Past events that account for the History: Past events that account for the way that society functions and way that society functions and communicates today and knowledge that communicates today and knowledge that helps us make better choices for the helps us make better choices for the future. future.

Papacy Papacy

1500 papacy gaining influence and power but 1500 papacy gaining influence and power but also suffering from corruption and dissent also suffering from corruption and dissent Tax money allows great building projects in Tax money allows great building projects in Rome Rome St. Peters Basilica St. Peters Basilica Leo X (1513-1521)Leo X (1513-1521)

Medici Family of Florence Medici Family of Florence Authorizes indulgencesAuthorizes indulgences

A forgiveness of punishment due for past sins, granted A forgiveness of punishment due for past sins, granted by church authorities as a reward for a pious act such by church authorities as a reward for a pious act such as making a pilgrimage, saying a particular prayer, or as making a pilgrimage, saying a particular prayer, or making a donation to a religious cause making a donation to a religious cause

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Objected to indulgences Objected to indulgences Tetzel told people the indulgences Tetzel told people the indulgences

released them from punishment for released them from punishment for confessed sins and bought souls out of confessed sins and bought souls out of purgatory purgatory

Wrote a letter expressing his issues Wrote a letter expressing his issues to the Popeto the Pope

Seen as a challenge to Papal authority Seen as a challenge to Papal authority

Escalates and Luther officially Escalates and Luther officially condemned and excommunicated condemned and excommunicated by the Pope by the Pope

95 Theses 95 Theses

““Out of love for the truth and the desire to Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg, under the be discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of the Reverend Father Martin presidency of the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the same at that place. Wherefore he requests same at that place. Wherefore he requests that those who are unable to be present and that those who are unable to be present and debate orally with us, may do so by letter.”debate orally with us, may do so by letter.”

ReligiousReligiousCauses of the ReformationCauses of the Reformation

Kings gaining more power with time Kings gaining more power with time

Babylonian Captivity Babylonian Captivity 1309 Papacy moved to Avignon 1309 Papacy moved to Avignon Power move by the French to gain clout Power move by the French to gain clout

1378 Papacy moved back to Rome 1378 Papacy moved back to Rome

French Cardinals elect a second pope (antipope)French Cardinals elect a second pope (antipope)

Third Pope added to the mix in 1409 in Pisa, Third Pope added to the mix in 1409 in Pisa, ItalyItaly

Widespread corruption and abuse of power Widespread corruption and abuse of power

Cultural Cultural Cause of the Reformation Cause of the Reformation

Renaissance !!!!Renaissance !!!!

Political and Economic Political and Economic Causes of the Reformation Causes of the Reformation

Political Political Weakness of the Holy Roman Emperor Weakness of the Holy Roman Emperor

Claimed to be the secular leader of the church but Claimed to be the secular leader of the church but never really had control never really had control

France, England, and Spain Kings growing France, England, and Spain Kings growing strongerstronger

Economic Economic Rise of cities Rise of cities Lords lose power as trading increases Lords lose power as trading increases

Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation

Turn to pg 71 in the Human Record Turn to pg 71 in the Human Record Independently read Protestant Revolt and Independently read Protestant Revolt and Catholic Response Catholic Response Answer the following questions Answer the following questions What is a lay person?What is a lay person? Why did the gap between the clergy and the laity Why did the gap between the clergy and the laity

decrease because of Protestantism?decrease because of Protestantism? What group of people benefited from the Reformation What group of people benefited from the Reformation

and How?and How?

Read Read Martin LutherMartin Luther, Table Talk , Table Talk Answer the Questions for Analysis on pg 73 Answer the Questions for Analysis on pg 73

Protestant Revolt Protestant Revolt

What is a lay person?What is a lay person?

Why did the gap between the clergy and Why did the gap between the clergy and the laity decrease because of the laity decrease because of Protestantism?Protestantism?

What group of people benefited from the What group of people benefited from the Reformation and How?Reformation and How?

Table Talk Table Talk

1.1. According to Luther, what role should the According to Luther, what role should the Bible play in a Christian’s life? How in his Bible play in a Christian’s life? How in his view does the Roman Catholic Church view does the Roman Catholic Church obscure the meaning and message of obscure the meaning and message of the Bible?the Bible?

2.2. What does Luther Mean by “good works” What does Luther Mean by “good works” Why does he believe that the Roman Why does he believe that the Roman Church distorts the role of good works in Church distorts the role of good works in a Christian’s life?a Christian’s life?

Table Talk Table Talk

3.3. What role does faith play in a Christian’s What role does faith play in a Christian’s life, according to Luther? Why is faith life, according to Luther? Why is faith superior to external acts of devotion?superior to external acts of devotion?

4.4. What criticisms does Luther offer the What criticisms does Luther offer the papacy and other high officials of the papacy and other high officials of the Catholic Church?Catholic Church?

Table TalkTable Talk

5.5. How does Luther view marriage, in How does Luther view marriage, in particular a women’s role in marriage?particular a women’s role in marriage?

6.6. Why does Luther single out monks and Why does Luther single out monks and members of religious orders for special members of religious orders for special criticism? What are their shortcomings?criticism? What are their shortcomings?

John CalvinJohn Calvin

The Institutes of the Christian ReligionThe Institutes of the Christian ReligionAgreed with Luther that could not gain Agreed with Luther that could not gain salvation through good workssalvation through good worksBelieved salvation was the gift of God and Believed salvation was the gift of God and therefore was predetermined therefore was predetermined Predestination Predestination

Simplicity in life and dressSimplicity in life and dressCongregations elected their own Congregations elected their own governing committees governing committees

Motives Behind Change Motives Behind Change

Do you believe people’s enthusiasm for Do you believe people’s enthusiasm for Protestantism was based solely on Protestantism was based solely on religion? If so, what was so attractive religion? If so, what was so attractive about Protestantism. If not, what were the about Protestantism. If not, what were the other motivating factors to join a other motivating factors to join a Protestant group?Protestant group?