AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT(AGE OF REASON)

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTOR SIMPLY

THE ENLIGHTENMENT OR AGE OF REASON

WAS ACULTURAL MOVEMENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN 18TH-CENTURY EUROPE, THAT SOUGHT TO MOBILIZE THE POWER OF REASON, IN ORDER TO REFORM SOCIETY AND ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE

THE WORLD OF THE OLD REGIME

BUILT ON TRADITION WORLD OF HIERARCHY, PRIVILEGE AND

INEQUALITY ALLIED WITH THE CHURCH

THE PHILOSOPHES 18TH CENTURY

FRENCH INTELLECTUALS

INTEREST IN ADDRESSING A BROAD AUDIENCE

COMMITTED TO REFORM

CELEBRATED THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

SCIENCE APPLIED TO SOCIETY

THE PROBLEM OF CENSORSHIP

THE ATTEMPT OF THE OLD REGIME TO CONTROL NEW THINKING

PUBLISHERS AND WRITERS HOUNDED BY CENSORS

OVER 1000 BOOKSELLERS AND AUTHORS IMPRISONED IN THE BASTILLE IN THE EARLY 1700’S

THE ROLE OF THE SALON (GATHERING)

A READING IN THE SALON OF MADAME GEOFFRIN, 1755

FAMOUS ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

JOHN LOCKE(1632 –1704)

KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF LIBERALISM”

AN ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER AND PHYSICIAN

“TABULA RASA” OPPOSED THE DIVINE RIGHT

OF KINGS NATURAL RIGHTS (LIFE AND

FREEDOM) “THE GOVERNMENT WAS

BOUND TO ITS CONSTITUENTS TO PROTECT THEIR RIGHTS, AND ON THE OCCASION THAT IT FAILED, THE CITIZENS COULD REPLACE IT WITH A NEW ONE”

DENIS DIDEROT(1713 –1784)

A FRENCH PHILOSOPHER, ART CRITIC, AND WRITER

BEST KNOWN FOR SERVING AS CO-FOUNDER AND CHIEF EDITOR OF AND CONTRIBUTOR TO THE ENCYCLOPÉDIE.

ENCYCLOPEDIA ULTIMATE STRENGTH

OF THE PHILOSOPHES LAY IN THEIR NUMBERS, DEDICATION AND ORGANIZATION

WRITTEN BETWEEN 1751-1772

ATTEMPTED TO ILLUSTRATE ALL HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

EMPHASIS ON PRACTICAL SCIENCE

DESIRE TO CHANGE THE “GENERAL WAY OF THINKING”

GREATER KNOWLEDGE LEADS TO HUMAN PROGRESS

INALIENABLE RIGHTS AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT

KNOWLEDGE IMPROVES GOODNESS

ENCYCLOPEDIA

"FIGURATIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE",

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755)

A FRENCH SOCIAL COMMENTATOR AND POLITICAL THINKER 

HE IS FAMOUS FOR HIS ARTICULATION OF THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS

POWER MUST CHECK POWER

THE SPIRIT OF THE LAWS (1748)

FRANÇOIS-MARIE AROUET [VOLTAIRE]

(1694 –1778) A FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT

WRITER, HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER 

FAMOUS FOR HIS ADVOCACY OF CIVIL LIBERTIES, INCLUDING FREEDOM OF RELIGION, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, FREE TRADE AND SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE.

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778)

A GENEVAN PHILOSOPHER, WRITER, AND COMPOSER OF 18TH-CENTURY ROMANTICISM OF FRENCH EXPRESSION.

“THE SOCIAL CONTRACT” (1762) AND THE “GENERAL WILL”

“THE NOBLEST WORK IN EDUCATION IS TO MAKE A REASONING MAN, AND WE EXPECT TO TRAIN A YOUNG CHILD BY MAKING HIM REASON! THIS IS BEGINNING AT THE END; THIS IS MAKING AN INSTRUMENT OF A RESULT. IF CHILDREN UNDERSTOOD HOW TO REASON THEY WOULD NOT NEED TO BE EDUCATED.”

–ROUSSEAU, EMILE.