GREEK ORDERS , TEMPLES ,THEATERS AND ATHENS

Ionic

feminine, light, delicate and

elegant.

Corinthian

grandiose

Doric

masculine, serious, and dignified

Order- in classical architecture, the parts of a building that stand in fixed and constant relation to each other; distinguishable by the capitals.

GREEK ARCHITECTURE – CLASSICAL PERIOD 479-336 BCGREEK ORDERS - DORIC

GREEK ARCHITECTURE – CLASSICAL PERIOD 479-336 BCGREEK ORDERS - DORIC

GREEK ARCHITECTURE – CLASSICAL PERIOD 479-336 BCGREEK ORDERS - DORIC

GREEK ARCHITECTURE –GREEK ORDERS - IONIC

GREEK ARCHITECTURE –GREEK ORDERS - IONIC

GREEK ARCHITECTURE –GREEK ORDERS - CORINTHIAN

GREEK ARCHITECTURE –GREEK ORDERS - CORINTHIAN

Orders of Greek Architecture a. Doric Order b. Ionic Order c. Corinthian Order

IONIC BASE

IONIC ENTABLATURE

GREEK TEMPLESOrigins Early temples had

massive pillars as architects worried about their ability to support the weight above.

Later temples appear more elegant.

Temple of Hera, Paestum

Hephaistion, Athens

Classification of temples

Classification is based on

- the number of columns on the entrance front

- Type of collonade surrounding the noas

- Type Of Portico

Characteristics of a Greek temple

OREINTED TOWARDS THE EAST CREPIDOMA (Crepidoma is an architectural term related

to ancient Greek buildings. The crepidoma is the platform on which the superstructure of the building is erected. The crepidoma is usually, three levels. The levels typically decrease in size incrementally, forming a series of steps along all or some sides of the building. The crepidoma rests on the euthynteria (foundation), which is normally constructed of locally available stone for the sake of economy.The topmost level of the crepidoma is termed the stylobate, because it is the platform for the columns. The lower levels of the crepidoma are termed the “stereobate”.)

Characteristics of a Greek temple

NAOS ( it refers to the Cella, i.e. the inner chamber of a temple which houses a cult figure)

PRONAOS ( is the inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple, situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the entrance to the cella, or shrine)

AND EPINAOS (OPISTHODODMOS) - a room in the rear of the cella of an ancient Greek temple 

SURROUNDED BY OPEN COLONNADE

ENTRANCE DOORS on the east and west walls WINDOWS WERE RARE PEDIMENT TYMPANUM TIMBER ROOFS covered with MARBLE OR

TERRACOTTA TILES ANTIFIXAE ORNAMENT at the end of the roof tiles

Characteristics of a Greek temple

Parts of a Greek Temple There are four distinct

parts to a greek temple. The bottom, horizontal

part is the steps. Most Greek temples had three of them.

CREPIDOMA (Crepidoma is an architectural term related to ancient Greek buildings. The crepidoma is the platform on which the superstructure of the building is erected. The crepidoma is usually, three levels. The levels typically decrease in size incrementally, forming a series of steps along all or some sides of the building. The crepidoma rests on the euthynteria (foundation), which is normally constructed of locally available stone for the sake of economy.The topmost level of the crepidoma is termed the stylobate, because it is the platform for the columns. The lower levels of the crepidoma are termed the “stereobate”.)

Parts of a Greek Temple The next section is

vertical and is the column. Most columns had a

base (though not the Doric), at the bottom, a shaft in the middle, and a capital at the top.

The shaft may be smooth or fluted.

Parts of a Greek Temple Above the column

is the entablature. If the column is the leg, think of this as the tabletop. It has 3 parts: the

architrave, a kind of base.

The frieze, a decorated part

The cornice the top.

Parts of a Greek Temple The top section is

angled and is called the pediment. The sloping top part is

called the sloping cornice.

The triangular part below is called the tympanum. This is often carved and decorated.

Sometimes there are caved features sticking up from the room. These are called antifixae or acroterions.

Greek Temples

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPLE –Parthenon plan

Ep

inaos

nao

s/

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPLE –Parthenon elevation

TYMPANUM PEDIMENT

CREPIDOMA

ANTIFIXAE ORNAMENT

Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)

Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)

Acropolis, Athens

Temple of Parthenon, Plan

Temple of Parthenon, sectional views

Temple of Parthenon, Recontructed views

Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)

Reconstruction of the Parthenon in Nashville.

Pediment carving details

Temple of Parthenon, optical corrections

Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)

A slight curvature is given to the stylobate, entablature and the cornices with an upward rising of 6omm on the shorter sides and 120mm on the longer sides .which if straight in reality could have appeared to sag of drop in the middle

The intermediate columns were 1.8m dia. And the corner columns were 1.9m in dia.,Thus made shorter and stouter ,which otherwise would have looked thin and flimsy.

Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)

ANTIFIXAE ORNAMENT LION HEAD SPOUTSCOFFERED MARBLE CEILING SUPPORTED ON MARBLE BEAMS

Temple of Parthenon, naos

The Parthenos statue was about forty feet tall and constructed from a wooden core covered over with shaped bronze plates. Gold plates were laid over top. Ivory surfaces were used for the goddess’ face and arms.

Temple of Parthenon, optical corrections

entasis, the outward bulging in the middle of Greek columnsserves as a countermeasure to an optical illusion, that is created by numerous straight lines that appear to be slightly concave .

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

Reconstructed West Elevation

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

Plan

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

Plan

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

Caryatid porch

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

West elevation

&East Elevation

South elevation

&North

Elevation

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

East portico

The Erechtheion (421 B.C -406 B.C)

PLAN OF EPIDAURUS

Seating & Entrance view

Plan of Athens